Fluctuating asymmetry: a biological monitor of environmental and genomic stress

Parsons, P. A.

doi:10.1038/hdy.1992.51

Cited by 511 publications

(349 citation statements)

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“…A não confirmação, por diversos trabalhos, de premissas acerca de níveis esperados de AF pode, em parte, ser devida aos inúmeros fatores que a influenciam: endogamia, heterozigozidade e recombinação, considerados fatores genômicos de perturbações, além das interferências ambientais de diversas naturezas e intensidades (Parsons 1992, Markow 1995. Além disto, pouco ainda se sabe sobre as bases genéticas da estabilidade no desenvolvimento (Clarke 1995).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Variações de temperatura ou na qualidade nutricional dos hospedeiros constituem fatores desencadeadores de estresse, que tendem a afetar o desenvolvimento dos pulgões, podendo provocar assimetria em caracteres bilaterais (Parsons 1987, Holloway et al 1990, Parsons 1992. A assimetria flutuante (AF) poderia, deste modo, ser um bom indicativo dos níveis de estresse ou impacto ambiental (Leary & Allendorf 1989, Parsons 1990, Clarke 1995.…”

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Plasticidade morfológica, reprodutiva e assimetria flutuante de Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) sob diferentes temperaturas

Kanegae¹,

Lomônaco²

2003

Neotrop. Entomol.

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-Four clones of the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) were used to assess the magnitude of their responses to seven different temperatures (15.0, 17.5, 20.0, 22.5, 25.0, 27.5 and 30.0 o C). A multivariate index of size was obtained using five morphological characteristics simplified by PCA. Among these characteristics, four were measured bilaterally both sides in order to evaluate the fluctuating asymmetry (FA). Fertility was estimated according to the number of nymphs in the reproductive female apparatus. The variability attributed to the environmental and genetic components was estimated using a genetic quantitative model. A large part of the total variability found for size distribution was attributed to differences in temperature (environmental component), but genetic components of variation were also detected. The plastic potential was considered adaptive, since it increases clone survival in unstable environments and allows new habitat exploitation. However, 30 o C temperature did not permit clone development and survival. Lower variability in one morphological character, the rostrum, in comparison with the other traits may be the result of a stabilizing selection, in relation to its adaptive value to obtain food. The aphids presented FA in some of the measured characteristics. However, no linear relation was detected for the levels of FA and temperature values and no general pattern of variability was found. The data corroborate the hypothesis that size is more effectively affected than FA by external influences, and consequently, is a much more efficient indicator of environmental stress.KEY WORDS: Quantitative genetics, green peach aphid, developmental noise RESUMO -Quatro clones do pulgão Myzus persicae (Sulzer) foram utilizados para se avaliar a magnitude de suas respostas plásticas em sete condições de temperatura 15,0; 17,5; 20,0; 22,5; 25,0; 27,5 e 30,0 o C. Um índice multivariado de tamanho foi obtido por ACP, a partir de cinco caracteres morfológicos. Quatro desses caracteres foram medidos bilateralmente para quantificação da Assimetria Flutuante (AF). A fecundidade foi estimada pelo número de ninfas presentes do trato reprodutivo das fêmeas. A variabilidade atribuída aos componentes ambientais e genéticos de variação foi estimada com o auxílio de um modelo de genética quantitativa. A maior parte da variabilidade fenotípica morfológica na população estudada ocorreu como resposta à temperatura (componente ambiental), mas componentes genéticos de variação também foram detectados. Acredita-se que o potencial plástico descrito seja adaptativo, contudo um ambiente a 30 o C não permitiu a sobrevivência. Pequena variabilidade no comprimento do rostro com relação aos demais caracteres pode ter resultado de seleção estabilizadora, considerando seu valor adaptativo para a obtenção de alimento. Os pulgões apresentaram AF em alguns dos caracteres medidos. Entretanto, não foi detectada relação linear dos níveis de AF com valores de temperatura, nem houve um padrão geral de variação para este caráter. Os ...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

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Plasticidade morfológica, reprodutiva e assimetria flutuante de Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) sob diferentes temperaturas

Kanegae¹,

Lomônaco²

2003

Neotrop. Entomol.

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“…variable shape and number of dermal skull bones) with high levels of variability often present within the same individual (Long & Trinajstic in press). Increasing asymmetry has been shown to occur in animals in stressed habitats (Parsons 1992). The superb state of preservation of the Gogo fossils also indicates quick burial and low oxygen levels.…”

Section: Discussion (A) Drivers Of Aerial Respirationmentioning

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Air-breathing adaptation in a marine Devonian lungfish

Clement

Long

2010

Biol. Lett.

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Recent discoveries of tetrapod trackways in 395 Myr old tidal zone deposits of Poland (Niedźwiedzki et al . 2010 Nature 463 , 43–48 ( doi:10.1038/nature.08623 )) indicate that vertebrates had already ventured out of the water and might already have developed some air-breathing capacity by the Middle Devonian. Air-breathing in lungfishes is not considered to be a shared specialization with tetrapods, but evolved independently. Air-breathing in lungfishes has been postulated as starting in Middle Devonian times ( ca 385 Ma) in freshwater habitats, based on a set of skeletal characters involved in air-breathing in extant lungfishes. New discoveries described herein of the lungfish Rhinodipterus from marine limestones of Australia identifies the node in dipnoan phylogeny where air-breathing begins, and confirms that lungfishes living in marine habitats had also developed specializations to breathe air by the start of the Late Devonian ( ca 375 Ma). While invasion of freshwater habitats from the marine realm was previously suggested to be the prime cause of aerial respiration developing in lungfishes, we believe that global decline in oxygen levels during the Middle Devonian combined with higher metabolic costs is a more likely driver of air-breathing ability, which developed in both marine and freshwater lungfishes and tetrapodomorph fishes such as Gogonasus .

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“…Il a été suggéré, comme corollaire, que l'asymétrie fluctuante pouvait être utilisée comme marqueur de stress [14,15]. Dans un contexte où la biologie de la conservation était balbutiante, cette proposition eut un écho rapide [16] : il suffisait (presque) de mesurer l'asymétrie de quelques individus pour en déduire le caractère stressé d'une population.…”

Section: Prologueunclassified

Symmetry is beauty – or is it?

Debat

2016

Med Sci (Paris)

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Fluctuating asymmetry: a biological monitor of environmental and genomic stress

Cited by 511 publications

References 32 publications

Plasticidade morfológica, reprodutiva e assimetria flutuante de Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) sob diferentes temperaturas

Plasticidade morfológica, reprodutiva e assimetria flutuante de Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) sob diferentes temperaturas

Air-breathing adaptation in a marine Devonian lungfish

Symmetry is beauty – or is it?

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