Fluctuating Asymmetry as a Bioindicator of Stress: Comparing Efficacy of Analyses Involving Multiple Traits

Leung,; Forbes,; Houle,

doi:10.2307/3079019

Cited by 57 publications

(92 citation statements)

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“…In C. pipiens, Mpho et al (2002) reported evidence for an increase in wing FA with increase in temperature stress. However, and as hypothesized by Parsons (1992) and Leung et al (2000), this effect was only detected in extreme temperature conditions (Mpho et al 2002). The present experiment also shows that the detection of changes in FA required relatively severe environmental stress.…”

Section: Asymmetry Resistance Genes and Developmental Stresssupporting

confidence: 86%

Fitness Costs of Insecticide Resistance in Natural Breeding Sites of the Mosquito Culex Pipiens

et al. 2004

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Genetic changes conferring adaptation to a new environment may induce a fitness cost in the previous environment. Although this prediction has been verified in laboratory conditions, few studies have tried to document this cost directly in natural populations. Here, we evaluated the pleiotropic effects of insecticide resistance on putative fitness components of the mosquito Culex pipiens. Experiments using different larval densities were performed during the summer in two natural breeding sites. Two loci that possess alleles conferring organophosphate (OP) resistance were considered: ace-1 coding for an acetylcholinesterase (AChE1, the OP target) and Ester, a ''super locus" including two closely linked loci coding for esterases A and B. Resistance ace-1 alleles coding for a modified AChE1 were associated with a longer development time and shorter wing length. The pleiotropic effects of two resistance alleles Ester1 and Ester4 coding for the overproduced esterases A1 and A4-B4, respectively, were more variable. Both A1 and A4-B4 reduced wing length, although only A1 was associated with a longer preimaginal stage. The fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of the wing did not respond to the presence or to the interaction of resistance alleles at the two loci at any of the density levels tested. Conversely, the FA of one wing section decreased when larval density increased. This may be the consequence of selection against less developmentally stable individuals. The results are discussed in relation to the local evolution of insecticide resistance genes.

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Section: Asymmetry Resistance Genes and Developmental Stresssupporting

confidence: 86%

Fitness Costs of Insecticide Resistance in Natural Breeding Sites of the Mosquito Culex Pipiens

et al. 2004

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“…Combining asymmetry measurements gives a better illustration of the effects of stressors (Leung et al, 2000) because it increases the statistical power and decreases the standard error of comparisons. Providing light during incubation was able to lessen the overall physical asymmetry (composite asymmetry) of the broilers in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of providing light during incubation on the health, productivity, and behavior of broiler chickens

2009

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Environmental stimuli present during incubation can affect the behavior and health of birds posthatch. Commercial broiler chickens are often incubated in complete darkness, receiving light only intermittently when the incubator is opened. To determine the effect of providing light during the prehatch period, we incubated Cobb broiler eggs (n = 664) under continuous light (24L:0D), no light (0L:24D), or 12 h of light (12L:12D); the light level was 550 lx. Various parameters were measured posthatch in these broilers (n = 506), which were raised in floor pens on a 12L:12D regimen. There were no incubation treatment differences in hatchability, mortality, growth, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, gait score, overall feeding behavior activity, or general behavioral activity. However, broilers hatched from eggs incubated under 24L:0D or 12L:12D had greater feeding activity (P < 0.05) than the 0L:24D broilers during the 2 h after the lights came on. Eye dimensions did not differ between treatments, but the eyes of the 12L:12D broilers weighed less (P < 0.05) than those of the other treatments. Broilers incubated under 0L:24D had a greater level of composite physical asymmetry (1.87 +/- 0.11 mm), considered to be an indicator of developmental stress, than did 12L:12D (1.57 +/- 0.09 mm; P = 0.05) broilers; they also tended to have more composite asymmetry than 24L:0D (1.62 +/- 0.11 mm; P = 0.10) broilers. The results of this study indicate that providing light during incubation has no detrimental effect on production or health of broilers, but does have potential benefits in terms of reducing the effects of stressors associated with production and growth.

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“…Relative FA was used for all traits; it had distributions that were not normal and were transformed to arcsin square root before analysis. As an alternative to the analysis of FA based on the 4 single morphological traits, combined relative asymmetry was considered (defined as the mean of the relative asymmetries of the different traits); the analysis based on the combined FA may be a more reliable indicator of stress (Leung et al, 2000).…”

Section: Measurement Of Fa (10 Groups)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of heat and several additives related to stress levels on fluctuating asymmetry, heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, and tonic immobility duration in White Leghorn chicks

Prieto

Campo

2010

Poultry Science

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of heat and several additives related to stress on fluctuating asymmetry (groups 1 to 10), heterophil:lymphocyte ratio (groups 1 to 3 and 8 to 10), and tonic immobility duration (groups 1 to 7 and 10) in White Leghorn chicks at 42 d of age. Chicks in group 1 (heat) were reared with temperatures 8°C greater than those of the control group. Groups 2 to 9 consisted of chicks reared with temperatures 8°C greater than those of the control group and addition of capsaicin, allicin, ascorbic acid, tryptophan, brewer's yeast, lactic acid, corticosterone, or cholesterol in diet. Chicks in group 10 (control) were reared with standard temperatures. Heat effect was significant (P<0.05) for the heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, which was greater in heat-stressed chicks without any additives and smaller in control chicks. There were no significant differences for the fluctuating asymmetry and the tonic immobility duration between both groups. Heterophil:lymphocyte ratio for heat-stressed chicks with capsaicin or allicin was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of heat-stressed chicks without any additives. Capsaicin effect was not significant for the fluctuating asymmetry and the tonic immobility duration, whereas allicin significantly increased fluctuating asymmetry of wing length and tonic immobility duration (P<0.05). The addition of lactic acid or corticosterone resulted in greater fluctuating asymmetry of wing length of heat-stressed chicks (P<0.05). In conclusion, an increased heterophil:lymphocyte ratio was found in heat-stressed chicks without additives, indicating that it is a more reliable indicator of the effect of heat in chicks. In addition, dietary capsaicin or allicin supplementation was effective to alleviate the stress induced by the high temperature, as indicated by a lower heterophil:lymphocyte ratio.

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Fluctuating Asymmetry as a Bioindicator of Stress: Comparing Efficacy of Analyses Involving Multiple Traits

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Fitness Costs of Insecticide Resistance in Natural Breeding Sites of the Mosquito Culex Pipiens

Fitness Costs of Insecticide Resistance in Natural Breeding Sites of the Mosquito Culex Pipiens

Effect of providing light during incubation on the health, productivity, and behavior of broiler chickens

Effect of heat and several additives related to stress levels on fluctuating asymmetry, heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, and tonic immobility duration in White Leghorn chicks

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