Fluctuations and Adsorption at Liquid–Vapor Interfaces

Rane, Kaustubh

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813641-6.00003-0

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…At any time in the fluctuating surface layer, there are uncompensated attractive forces between nearest neighbor molecules in the direction parallel to the surface, which cause surface tension forces. The instability of the liquid-gas interface described here is consistent with calculations of the density distribution, nanoscale surface shape, and fluctuations at the interface [9].…”

Section: Causes Of Attractive Forces Parallel To a Surfacesupporting

confidence: 84%

On the cause of surface tension at a liquid–gas interface

Grekov

2021

Eur. J. Phys.

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In this paper, a qualitative explanation of the causes of surface tension forces at a liquid–gas interface acting parallel to an interface is presented. None of the common explanations of surface tension given in preliminary physics courses consider the reasons behind the attractive forces between nearest neighbor molecules acting parallel to a surface. The earlier proposed explanations are based on the assumption that there is a concentration gradient at the liquid–gas interface. The analysis is based on considering the anisotropic pressure tensor in the interface layer. Unfortunately, these explanations are difficult to understand in preliminary physics courses. Additionally, they do not pay enough attention to the physical reasons for the formation of a special surface layer with the distance between the nearest neighbors in the direction parallel to the surface greater than in the direction normal to it. In this paper, a simple qualitative explanation of surface tension forces at a liquid–gas interface is provided. The consideration includes the reasons for the formation of a special liquid–gas interface and the reasons for the appearance of tangent surface tension forces. The instability of the liquid–gas interface and the associated fluctuations are also discussed.

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Section: Causes Of Attractive Forces Parallel To a Surfacesupporting

confidence: 84%

On the cause of surface tension at a liquid–gas interface

Grekov

2021

Eur. J. Phys.

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Langmuir-Blodgett organic films deposition for the formation of conformal 2D inorganic-organic heterostructures

Khenkin,

Mohapatra,

Kaziev

et al. 2024

Applied Surface Science

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Gas–Liquid–Solid Three-Phase Boundary in Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy

Ryu,

Mandal,

Ren

2024

ACS Meas. Sci. Au

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The gas–liquid–solid interface plays a crucial role in various electrochemical energy conversion devices, including fuel cells and electrolyzers. Understanding the effect of gas transfer on the electrochemistry at this three-phase interface is a grand challenge. Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is an emerging technique for mapping the heterogeneity in electrochemical activity; it also inherently features a three-phase boundary at the nanodroplet cell. Herein, we quantitatively analyze the role of the three-phase boundary in SECCM involving gas via finite element simulation. Oxygen reduction reaction is used as an example for reaction with a gas reactant, which shows that interfacial gas transfer can enhance the overall mass transport of reactant, allowing measuring current density of several A/cm2. The hydrogen evolution reaction is used as an example for reaction with a gas product, and fast interfacial gas transfer kinetics can significantly reduce the concentration of dissolved gas near the electrode. This helps to measure electrode kinetics at a high current density without the complication of gas bubble formation. The contribution of interfacial gas transfer can be understood by directly comparing its kinetics to the mass transfer coefficient from the solution. Our findings aid the quantitative application of SECCM in studying electrochemical reactions involving gases, establishing a basis for investigating electrochemistry at the three-phase boundary.

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Fluctuations and Adsorption at Liquid–Vapor Interfaces

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

On the cause of surface tension at a liquid–gas interface

On the cause of surface tension at a liquid–gas interface

Langmuir-Blodgett organic films deposition for the formation of conformal 2D inorganic-organic heterostructures

Gas–Liquid–Solid Three-Phase Boundary in Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy

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