Fluctuations in fluids out of thermal equilibrium

Law, Bruce M.; Sengers, J. V.

doi:10.1007/bf01022821

Cited by 73 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The NE enhancement of the temperature fluctuations originates from a coupling of the heat mode with a viscous mode and are unaffected by the sound modes [2,3], i.e., with vanishing linear pressure fluctuations, so that…”

Section: Relation Between Ne Pressure and Ne Temperature Fluctuatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical origin of nonequilibrium fluctuation-induced forces in fluids

2016

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Long-range thermal fluctuations appear in fluids in nonequilibrium states leading to fluctuationinduced Casimir-like forces. Two distinct mechanisms have been identified for the origin of the longrange nonequilibrium fluctuations in fluids subjected to a temperature or concentration gradient. One is a coupling between the heat or mass-diffusion mode with a viscous mode in fluids subjected to a temperature or concentration gradient. Another one is the spatial inhomogeneity of thermal noise in the presence of a gradient. We show that in fluids fluctuation-induced forces arising from mode coupling are several orders of magnitude larger than those from inhomogeneous noise.

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Section: Relation Between Ne Pressure and Ne Temperature Fluctuatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical origin of nonequilibrium fluctuation-induced forces in fluids

2016

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“…In the limit g → 0, Eq. (12) reduces to the expression of the Rayleigh spectrum of a fluid subjected to a stationary temperature gradient, first obtained by Kirkpatrick et al [6], and subsequently reproduced by other investigators [7][8][9]. The nonequilibrium structure factor, as given by Eq.…”

Section: Linearized Fluctuating Boussinesq Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a discussion of such light-scattering experiments we consider an experimental arrangement like the ones employed at the University of Maryland [9][10][11][12] and by Vailati and Giglio at the University of Milan [22,23].…”

Section: Nonequilibrium Structure Factor Probed In Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluctuations in fluids in thermal nonequilibrium states below the convective Rayleigh–Bénard instability

Zárate

Sengers

2001

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

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Starting from the linearized fluctuating Boussinesq equations we derive an expression for the structure factor of fluids in stationary convection-free thermal nonequilibrium states, taking into account both gravity and finite-size effects. It is demonstrated how the combined effects of gravity and finite size causes the structure factor to go through a maximum value as a function of the wave number q. The appearance of this maximum is associated with a crossover from a q −4 dependence for larger q to a q 2 dependence for very small q. The relevance of this theoretical result for the interpretation of light scattering and shadowgraph experiments is elucidated. The relationship with studies on various aspects of the problem by other investigators is discussed. The paper thus provides a unified treatment for dealing with fluctuations in fluid layers subjected to a stationary temperature gradient regardless of the sign of the Rayleigh number R, provided that R is smaller than the critical value R c associated with the appearance of Rayleigh-Bénard convection.

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“…This mechanism leads to the exponent -4 of Eq. (2), typical of nonequilibrium fluctuations in a bulk phase [16][17][18][19][20]15,[21][22][23][24]10,1].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary-to-bulk crossover of nonequilibrium fluctuations in the free diffusion of a near-critical binary liquid mixture

2001

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We have studied the nonequilibrium fluctuations occurring at the interface between two miscible phases of a near-critical binary mixture during a free diffusion process. The small-angle static scattered intensity is the superposition of nonequilibrium contributions due to capillary waves and to bulk fluctuations. A linearized hydrodynamics description of the fluctuations allows us to isolate the two contributions, and to determine an effective surface tension for the nonequilibrium interface. As the diffuse interface thickness increases, we observe the cross-over of the capillary-wave contribution to the bulk one.OCIS: 240.6700, 290.5870

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Fluctuations in fluids out of thermal equilibrium

Cited by 73 publications

References 75 publications

Physical origin of nonequilibrium fluctuation-induced forces in fluids

Physical origin of nonequilibrium fluctuation-induced forces in fluids

Fluctuations in fluids in thermal nonequilibrium states below the convective Rayleigh–Bénard instability

Capillary-to-bulk crossover of nonequilibrium fluctuations in the free diffusion of a near-critical binary liquid mixture

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