Fluctuations of estradiol during women’s menstrual cycle: Influences on reactivity towards erotic stimuli in the late positive potential

Event-Related Potentials in Women on the Pill: Neural Correlates of Positive and Erotic Stimulus Processing in Oral Contraceptive Users

“…Regarding the MC, Krug et al (2000) observed higher LPP amplitudes toward erotic pictures around ovulation when these stimuli are highly relevant for fertility and reproduction. Similarly, Munk et al (2018Munk et al ( , 2020 reported that LPP amplitudes toward erotic vs. neutral stimuli were associated with estradiol concentration which typically peaks during ovulation. As OCs suppress ovulation and inhibit conception, they might also reduce motivational salience of erotic stimuli.…”

“…OC and NC subjects did also not differ in arousal ratings of erotic stimuli. While this is – to be best of our knowledge – the only study that explicitly compared erotic stimulus processing in NC and OC women, erotic stimulus processing has more often been examined in association with the natural menstrual cycle (MC) using fMRI ( Gizewski et al, 2006 ; Zhu et al, 2010 ) as well as event-related potential (ERP) techniques ( Krug et al, 2000 ; Munk et al, 2018 , 2020 ).…”

Menstrual cycle and exogenous attention toward emotional expressions

“…This result is in line with previous studies that have reported higher LPP amplitudes during the periovulatory phase (Krug et al, 2000;Zhang et al, 2013b), which lay within a late follicular phase in terms of hormone levels, similarly to our study, when participants were tested days 6 to 12 of the cycle. In addition, a correlation between the amplitude of the LPP and ovarian hormone levels has previously been reported (Mačiukaitė et al, 2017;Munk et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2015). However, we need to interpret this result with caution, given that this would be only an indirect measure that may not replace direct, hormonal measures.…”

Saliva and plasma steroidome in mare during reproductive stages: A GC-MS/MS study

“…Similarly, E1, 17b-E2 and E3 were detected in human saliva (Wingeier et al, 2017;Li et al, 2018). However, 17b-E2 salivary concentrations in women have been shown to be either high around ovulation (Munk et al, 2018) or not significantly different throughout the menstrual cycle (Lee et al, 2015). Few data are available on domestic mammals: E1, 17b-E2 and E3 were detected in saliva of prepubertal gilts (Goudet et al, 2019;Goudet et al, 2021), 17b-E2 was detected in saliva of pregnant sows (Jiang et al, 2019), male goats (Samir et al, 2020) and female buffalo with salivary 17b-E2 levels higher at the estrus stage than at the diestrus stage (Ravinder et al, 2016).…”