Fluctuations of Zooplankton Taxa in Ballast Waterduring Short-Term and Long-Term Ocean-Going Voyages

Gollasch, Stephan; Rosenthal, H.; Botnen, H.; Hamer, John P.; Laing, Ian; Leppäkoski, Erkki; Macdonald, E.; Minchin, Dan; Nauke, M.; Olenin, Sergej; Utting, Susan D.; Voigt, Matthias; Wallentinus, Inger

doi:10.1002/1522-2632(200011)85:5/6<597::aid-iroh597>3.0.co;2-4

Cited by 59 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…While we expect increased BW discharge to increase the overall propagule supply to the East and Gulf coasts from the western Pacific, the increased transit time and exposure to higher temperatures in the tropics may decrease the survival of organisms relative to the West Coast inocula, as survivorship in transit is time dependent for many taxonomic groups (Lavoie et al, 1999;Gollasch et al, 2000;Wonham et al, 2001;Verling et al, 2005). Overall, transit time is sufficiently short (e.g.…”

Section: Direct Connections Model To the Usamentioning

confidence: 98%

Projected effects of the Panama Canal expansion on shipping traffic and biological invasions

Muirhead

Minton

Miller

et al. 2014

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim The Panama Canal expansion, scheduled for completion in 2015, is expected to have major effects on commercial shipping and port operations throughout the world, with potential consequences for the transfer and establishment of non-indigenous species that remain largely unexplored. We developed a series of scenario-based models to examine how shipping traffic patterns may change after expansion and consider possible implications for species transfers and invasion dynamics in the USA. Location Coastal USA, excluding Alaska and HawaiiMethods Using a Monte Carlo simulation approach, we predicted changes in discharged ballast water, wetted surface area of ship hulls and frequency of ship arrivals modelled under scenarios that are based on (1) current shipping patterns from the western Pacific Rim to the USA, (2) estimates of fleet expansion and (3) diversion of traffic away from the US West Coast through the Panama Canal.Results During the 5-year period following canal expansion (2015-2019), our models estimated that the Gulf and East coasts would receive 78% and 99% median increases in total ballast discharge and 172% and 182% increases in total wetted surface area, respectively. For the West Coast, our models estimated 9.6% median decreases in both total ballast discharge and wetted surface area. We further predict that many ports in the Gulf and East coasts will receive up to three times the current number of arrivals and increased ballast water discharge, from this region after expansion.Main conclusions Our scenario-based analysis provides a first estimate for increases in frequency, magnitude and spatial distribution of exposure that the Gulf and East coasts will experience due to ships and ballast arriving from the western Pacific, following the canal expansion. If organisms transported via ballast water or ship hulls are able to survive transit of the canal, the predictions suggest increased likelihood of introduction along these coasts by species originating in the western Pacific.

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Section: Direct Connections Model To the Usamentioning

confidence: 98%

Projected effects of the Panama Canal expansion on shipping traffic and biological invasions

Muirhead

Minton

Miller

et al. 2014

Diversity and Distributions

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“…However, the risk varies depending on the type of species in the ballast tank, the transit time and the physical and biogeographic conditions of the recipient port. According to Gollasch et al (2000) the number of viable organisms remaining in a ballast tank declines significantly after 3 days and few living organisms remain after 10 days. This may put regional operating vessels at a greater margin of risk than longhaul trips.…”

Section: The 2004 Ballast Water Conventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Managing Marine Bio-invasions via Shipping in Singapore

Sing¹,

Tan²

2018

AJSTD

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The economic, social and environmental impacts arising from the transfer and establishment of non-indigenous marine species (NIMS) mediated through ship hull biofouling and ballast water discharges in the coastal marine environment require a regional approach to manage bio-invasions. As the coordinating body for maritime shipping affairs and protection of the marine environment, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has been working with member states to adopt and ratify global conventions aimed at preventing invasive species transfer through shipping. As a major shipping hub and port-of-call in Southeast Asia, Singapore faces multiple challenges in managing marine bio-invasions including managing the transit of high risk vessels to environmentally sensitive areas beyond national borders. In this article, global frameworks for managing bio-invasions and its challenges for marine invasive pest management are discussed.

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“…As many as 7000 species (Carlton 1999) are transferred this way around the globe. A variety of species can survive in ballast water tanks for several days (Gollasch et al 2000;Flagella et al 2007) and so will be discharged in the port of destination.…”

Section: Marine Invasionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many organisms will die in the dark ballast water tanks after a minimum of three days; only a few individuals still live after 10 days (Gollasch et al 2000). Sailing times between the major North Sea ports are often less than three days (Table 2), indicating a high survival rate of species in the tanks.…”

Section: Ballast Water As Vector For Nonindigenous Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ballast Water Risk Indication for the North Sea

et al. 2016

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The ballast water from ships carries marine organisms that have invasive potential. The International Maritime Organization Ballast Water Management Convention (2004) requires ballast water exchange or ballast water management (BWM) systems either onboard or ashore. Ships can be exempted on the basis of risk assessment, when exclusively sailing between specific ports or in an enclosed area. In reply to our questionnaire, the shipping sector argues that the North Sea is ecologically homogeneous and exemptions could therefore be granted. This paper proposes that the North Sea area is, in fact, not homogeneous in terms of hydrographical and biological conditions; therefore, ballast water is a relevant transport mechanism for organisms. Within the North Sea, the short shipping routes indicate a high risk for survival. We examined actual simulation models for ballast water risk assessment in the North Sea, and we have identified the major parameters that need to be included in such models. These models provided a basis; they further need to be combined and adapted for the purpose of evaluating the rationale for an exemption. We concluded that exemptions from BWM are not recommended for the North Sea area. Anticipating the Ballast Water Management Convention, ship owners might do well to study possibilities for installing BWM systems onboard.

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Fluctuations of Zooplankton Taxa in Ballast Waterduring Short-Term and Long-Term Ocean-Going Voyages

Cited by 59 publications

References 6 publications

Projected effects of the Panama Canal expansion on shipping traffic and biological invasions

Projected effects of the Panama Canal expansion on shipping traffic and biological invasions

Challenges in Managing Marine Bio-invasions via Shipping in Singapore

Ballast Water Risk Indication for the North Sea

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