Flue gas desulfurization gypsum by-products alters cytosolic Ca^{2 +}distribution and Ca²⁺-ATPase activity in leaf cells of oil sunflower in alkaline soil

Abstract

Soil salinization in arid zones is a major factor that resulted in the reduction in the yield and quality of many important crops in Northwestern China. In this study, the potential mechanism of flue gas desulfurization gypsum by-product (FGDB) mediated amendment of alkaline soils was investigated in an oil sunflower model by accessing the Ca 2 ' distribution and Ca 2 ' -ATPase activity in leaf cells. Our results demonstrated an increased calcium concentration, as well as intact chloroplast structure with increasing calcium precipitates in the cell wall, intercellular space, and vacuole of leaf cells in the plants grown in alkaline soils supplied with FGDB or CaSO 4 . Additionally, a dose-dependent Ca 2 ' -ATPase activity was detected in the plasma membrane and tonoplast of leaf cells from the plants grown in FGDB or CaSO 4 supplemented soils. These results implied that the Ca 2 ' -ATPase activity cause cytosolic Ca 2 ' efflux. The Ca 2 ' influx is through the Ca 2 ' -channels, and increasing cytosolic Ca 2 ' concentration might benefit the stability and integrity of cell membrane and cell wall, sequentially alleviated the injury of oil sunflower against alkali stress.

Growth Responses, Physiological Alterations and Alleviation of Salinity Stress in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Amended with Gypsum and Composted Cow Dung

“…The current study reports a lower Na + /K + ratio in leaves and seeds with the combined use of GP+CCD in both normal and salt-stress soil conditions. This is obviously because GP can react quickly with sodium chloride to produce sodium sulfate, which can efficiently leach from soils [80,81], whereas organic sources like straw compost can decrease the excess of interchangeable sodium out of the root zone via increasing the water penetration and discharge of salts [82,83]. Furthermore, the efficacy of GP in improving the absorption of calcium in plants has been verified [84][85][86].…”

Reinforcing Pepper (<em>Capsicum annuum</em>) Growth by Gypsum and Salicylic Acid under Salinity Stress

“…Na+ and Cl-are the two salt ions in saline water that may induce ion toxicity for plants (Cao et al, 2016). As some researchers have mentioned in their research, NaSO 4 will be produced from the reaction of gypsum (CaSO 4 ) with NaCl, which can leach from soil easily (Mao et al, 2014;Yu et al, 2014). The application of SA could moderate the adverse effects of salinity and has the potential to increase some growth characteristics by improving ion uptake, water relations, photosynthesis, membrane stabilization, and stomatal regulation (Said-Al Ahl et al, 2014).…”