Flufenoxuron, an insect growth regulator, promotes peroral infection by nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) budded particles in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

Arakawa, Tōru; Furuta, Yoji; Miyazawa, Mitsuhiro; Katô, Masao

doi:10.1016/s0166-0934(01)00414-1

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Next to their effects on the cuticle, chitin synthesis inhibitors also prevent normal formation of the PM (Clarke et al , 1977; Becker, 1978; Soltani, 1984; Zimmermann & Peters, 1987). As a consequence of defects in the PM function, the insects get more susceptible to infections by nuclearpolyhedrosis viruses (Wang & Granados, 2000; Arakawa et al , 2002) and enteric bacteria (Kuraishi et al , 2011). Chitin synthesis inhibitors are chemically diverse and include pyrimidine‐nucleoside peptides, benzoylurea, oxazolines, thiazolidines, tetrazines, thiadiazines, thiophthalimides, and certain chromo‐ and fluorophores (see Table 1).…”

Section: Chitin Synthesis Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitin synthesis inhibitors: old molecules and new developments

2012

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Chitin is the most abundant natural aminopolysaccharide and serves as a structural component of extracellular matrices. It is found in fungal septa, spores, and cell walls, and in arthropod cuticles and peritrophic matrices, squid pens, mollusk shells, nematode egg shells, and some protozoan cyst walls. As prokaryotes, plants and vertebrates including humans do not produce chitin, its synthesis is considered as an attractive target site for fungicides, insecticides, and acaricides. Although no chitin synthesis inhibitor has been developed into a therapeutic drug to treat fungal infections in humans, a larger number of compounds have been successfully launched worldwide to combat arthropod pests in agriculture and forestry. This review summarizes the latest advances on the mode of action of chitin synthesis inhibitors with a special focus on those molecules that act on a postcatalytic step of chitin synthesis.

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Section: Chitin Synthesis Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitin synthesis inhibitors: old molecules and new developments

2012

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“…The use of chitin synthesis inhibitors against insects clearly induces deformities of the cuticle [43,44] . Insects become more vulnerable to contagions by viruses [45,46] and intestinal bacteria [47] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological and ultrastructural effects of chitin synthesis inhibitors (lufenuron and chlorfluazuron) on third larval instars integument of Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Khater

2021

Parasitologists United Journal

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Background: Chrysomya albiceps is of medical and veterinary importance as larvae cause cutaneous myiasis in both man and animals. Chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSI) are commonly used in control of dipterous flies causing myiasis. Several compounds are utilized to interfere with chitin deposition and molting processes during development. Objectives: In comparison to chlorfluazuron (CF), the current study aims to investigate the toxicological and ultrastructural effects of the CSI, lufenuron (LF) on the biological parameters of the third larval instar (L3) of C. albiceps. Material and Methods: Early L3 of C. albiceps were fed on diets mixed with four concentrations of LF and CF. Average larval mortality rates were subjected to probit model analysis for calculating LC 25 , LC 50 , and LC 90 . Larval deformation and mortality, percent pupation, adult emergence and chitinase enzyme activity were recorded. Using transmission electron microscope (TEM), ultrastructural study was carried out on non-treated and treated L3 to evaluate LF effects on the integument and muscle layer. Results: By recording LC 50 values for LF and CF (146 and 194 ppm, respectively), LF showed more toxic effects on L3 than CF, and at a lower concentration. Reduction in pupation percentage, complete cessation of adult emergence from pupae and decrease in chitinase activity were observed after treatment with all concentrations of both compounds. Ultrastructural changes after treatment with LC 50 of LF indicated tegumental, nuclear and mitochondrial toxicological effects, and muscle fibers disorganization. Conclusion: LF proved to be a successful CSI in controlling myiasis causing C. albiceps L3.

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“…B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is the most common serious disease that causes huge economic losses in sericulture each year ( Zhang et al, 2014a , b ). Currently, prevention and control of BmNPV mainly involve conventional sterilization methods, which have been determined to be ineffective in controlling infections ( Arakawa et al, 2002 ; Jiang and Xia, 2014 ). Improvements in the silkworm mulberry industry have resulted in the generation of transgenic lines with antiviral ability by modern molecular breeding using RNA interference (RNAi) or overexpressing resistance genes ( Jiang et al, 2012 ; Jiang and Xia, 2014 ; Zhou et al, 2014 ; Zhang et al, 2014b , c ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excision of Nucleopolyhedrovirus Form Transgenic Silkworm Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System

Dong

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome engineering has been shown to efficiently suppress infection by disrupting genes of the pathogen. We recently constructed transgenic lines expressing CRISPR/Cas9 and the double sgRNA target Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) immediate early-1 (ie-1) gene in the silkworm, respectively, and obtained four transgenic hybrid lines by G1 generation hybridization: Cas9(-)/sgRNA(-), Cas9(+)/sgRNA(-), Cas9(-)/sgRNA(+), and Cas9(+)/sgRNA(+). We demonstrated that the Cas9(+)/sgRNA(+) transgenic lines effectively edited the target site of the BmNPV genome, and large fragment deletion was observed after BmNPV infection. Further antiviral analysis of the Cas9(+)/sgRNA(+) transgenic lines shows that the median lethal dose (LD50) is 1,000-fold higher than the normal lines after inoculation with occlusion bodies. The analysis of economic characters and off-target efficiency of Cas9(+)/sgRNA(+) transgenic hybrid line showed no significant difference compared with the normal lines. Our findings indicate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome engineering more effectively targets the BmNPV genomes and could be utilized as an insect antiviral treatment.

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Flufenoxuron, an insect growth regulator, promotes peroral infection by nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) budded particles in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Chitin synthesis inhibitors: old molecules and new developments

Chitin synthesis inhibitors: old molecules and new developments

Toxicological and ultrastructural effects of chitin synthesis inhibitors (lufenuron and chlorfluazuron) on third larval instars integument of Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Excision of Nucleopolyhedrovirus Form Transgenic Silkworm Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System

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