Fluid and Penicillin G Dynamics in Polyethylene Chambers Implanted Subcutaneously in Rabbits

Tight, Robert R.; Prior, Richard B.; Perkins, Robert L.; Rotilie, Carol A.

doi:10.1128/aac.8.4.495

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Results of the present study confirm the general pattern of slow accumulation and elimination of penicillins from CF as has been noted in other models of extravascular antibiotic dynamics (6,10,17,19 Gerding et al reported that subcutaneous chambers were unsatisfactory for studies of serum and CF antibiotic dynamics because the CF was frequently infected or contaminated with blood or quickly became organized with connective tissue (10). Our experience has been different.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Rabbits with subcutaneously implanted polyethylene chambers similar to those described by Arko (2) and used in previously reported studies (18,19) (Fig. 1) resulted in higher mean peak serum penicillin G concentrations than did i.m.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Subcutaneously implanted perforated chambers have recently been used to study the dynamics of systemically administred antibiotics in serum and in the fluid that accumulates within the chambers. Some investigators believe that chamber fluid (CF) is similar to interstitial fluid and that CF antibiotic levels approximate "tissue levels" of antibiotics (5,6,19).…”

Section: Indianapolis Indiana 46223mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum and Subcutaneous Chamber Fluid Dynamics of Penicillins After Single Large Parenteral Doses

Tight

White

1980

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Serum and subcutaneous chamber fluid (CF) dynamics of penicillin G, amnpicillin, and amoxicillin were studied in rabbits after single large parenteral doses comparable to doses used in treating gonorrhea and endocarditis. The effects of parenteral probenecid and ofinjection ofan antibiotic directly into a subcutaneous chamber ("intrachamber" injection) also were studied. Peak serum antibiotic concentrations exceeded peak CF concentrations and occurred sooner. Antimicrobial activity persisted longer in CF than in serum. Percent penetration [100 x (CF peak/serum peak)] of CF was least after intramuscular ampicillin and amoxicillin, was greatest after intrachamber ampicillin and intramuscular aqueous procaine penicillin G, and was related to duration of antibiotic concentration gradients from serum to CF. Intramuscular aqueous crystalline penicillin G resulted in higher serum and CF penicillin G concentrations than intramuscular aqueous procaine penicillin G, which prolonged the duration of penicillin G in serum and CF. Amoxicillin diffused into CF more readily than ampicillin. Probenecid resulted in higher early serum and CF antibiotic concentrations, but had little or no effect on duration of antibiotic activity. Intrachamber ampicillin resulted in more prolonged serum and CF ampicillin activity than intramuscular ampicillin, but much lower peak serum concentrations. The data suggest a possible means by which probenecid improves the efficacy of gonorrhea therapy with aqueous procaine penicillin G. Intrachamber administration of penicillins could be useful in treating experimental infections requiring prolonged therapy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Indianapolis Indiana 46223mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum and Subcutaneous Chamber Fluid Dynamics of Penicillins After Single Large Parenteral Doses

Tight

White

1980

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Subdermal chambers were implanted into the flanks of New Zealand White rabbits (male or female, 2 to 3 kg) essentially as previously described (50,60). Briefly, hollow perforated polyethylene golf balls were obtained from a sporting goods store and were sterilized by boiling in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 30 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This model consists of a subcutaneously implanted, hollow chamber with a perforated surface that becomes encapsulated after insertion, fills with a serous fluid containing immune cells, and mimics the environment of a localized abscess upon the introduction of bacteria (52,60). E. faecalis cells remain localized within the chamber fluid, which initially contains a stable population of leukocytes comprised of ϳ10% polymorphonuclear cells and 90% mononuclear cells (60), while additional immune cells enter the chamber during the course of infection, thus exposing the bacteria to a changing host response.…”

Section: Rivet Screen To Identify Promoters Activated During Subdermamentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Recombinase-Based In Vivo Expression Technology To Characterize Enterococcus faecalis Gene Expression during Infection Identifies In Vivo -Expressed Antisense RNAs and Implicates the Protease Eep in Pathogenesis

et al. 2012

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Enterococcus faecalis is a member of the mammalian gastrointestinal microflora that has become a leading cause of nosocomial infections over the past several decades. E. faecalis must be able to adapt its physiology based on its surroundings in order to thrive in a mammalian host as both a commensal and a pathogen. We employed recombinase-based in vivo expression technology (RIVET) to identify promoters on the E. faecalis OG1RF chromosome that were specifically activated during the course of infection in a rabbit subdermal abscess model. The RIVET screen identified 249 putative in vivo-activated loci, over one-third of which are predicted to generate antisense transcripts. Three predicted antisense transcripts were detected in in vitro-and in vivo-grown cells, providing the first evidence of in vivo-expressed antisense RNAs in E. faecalis. Deletions in the in vivoactivated genes that encode glutamate 5-kinase (proB [EF0038]), the transcriptional regulator EbrA (ebrA [EF1809]), and the membrane metalloprotease Eep (eep [EF2380]) did not hinder biofilm formation in in vitro assays. In a rabbit model of endocarditis, the ⌬ebrA strain was fully virulent, the ⌬proB strain was slightly attenuated, and the ⌬eep strain was severely attenuated. The ⌬eep virulence defect could be complemented by the expression of the wild-type gene in trans. Microscopic analysis of early ⌬eep biofilms revealed an abundance of small cellular aggregates that were not observed in wild-type biofilms. This work illustrates the use of a RIVET screen to provide information about the temporal activation of genes during infection, resulting in the identification and confirmation of a new virulence determinant in an important pathogen.

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Composition of fluids from diffusion chambers implanted in the soft tissue and kidneys of rabbits

et al. 1980

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The fluids from diffusion chambers implanted in soft tissue and kidneys of rabbits were analysed for total protein, albumin, enzymes, ions, glucose, creatinine, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and cholesterol. These date were compared with the corresponding values in plasma. Our data for chamber fluid are in good agreement with data reported for interstitial fluids. The composition of the kidney chamber fluid is nearly constant from three to ten weeks after implantation. The low urea, uric acid and creatinine concentrations indicate that the chamber is not located in the urine collecting area of the kidney. Three days after subcutaneous implantation of chambers, the fluid contains less protein than plasma but has an equal concentration of ions, thus meeting the principal requirements for interstitial fluid. There are indications that the healing process lasts up to ten days after the surgical implantation. In order to examine the permeability of the diffusion chambers, the equilibration half-life times of antibiotics and substances of high and low molecular weights were determined in vitro.

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Fluid and Penicillin G Dynamics in Polyethylene Chambers Implanted Subcutaneously in Rabbits

Cited by 25 publications

References 3 publications

Serum and Subcutaneous Chamber Fluid Dynamics of Penicillins After Single Large Parenteral Doses

Serum and Subcutaneous Chamber Fluid Dynamics of Penicillins After Single Large Parenteral Doses

Use of Recombinase-Based In Vivo Expression Technology To Characterize Enterococcus faecalis Gene Expression during Infection Identifies In Vivo -Expressed Antisense RNAs and Implicates the Protease Eep in Pathogenesis

Composition of fluids from diffusion chambers implanted in the soft tissue and kidneys of rabbits

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