Fluid-driven slow slip and earthquake nucleation on a slip-weakening circular fault

Sáez, Alexis; Lecampion, Brice

doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2023.105506

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…However, before proceeding, we provide expressions estimating the pressure change around the injector. While the singular source injection solutions used in this and previous work feature a logarithmic singularity at r = 0, Sáez & Lecampion [40,60] showed that these solutions provide 3D constant rate injection…”

Section: Three-dimensional Constant Rate Injectionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Of course, our solution is for aseismic slip by virtue of the constant friction coefficient assumption, whereas the observed slip was seismic. We speculate that the general features predicted by our model, specifically the diffusive expansion of a pressurized zone with slip confined within it, carry over to the seismic case (at least if stress conditions prohibit runaway rupture [40,69,70]). For velocity-weakening friction with sufficiently small nucleation length, as compared to the spatial extent of the pressurized and slipped region, we anticipate that slip will take the form of small microseismic events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…which Sáez & Lecampion [40,60] note is only weakly dependent on time and approximated, to order of magnitude accuracy, as 4πΔp. For our model,…”

Section: Three-dimensional Constant Rate Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent modelling studies have also provided an interpretation of shallow field experiments [35,36] as well as reservoir-scale aseismic slip [14,37]. From a more theoretical perspective, important insights come from analytical solutions for fluid-driven aseismic slip in response to localized injection, both two-dimensional [35,38,39] and three-dimensional [40], and for more idealized spring-slider models [41]. Numerical simulations have helped quantify the importance of dilatancy as a stabilizing mechanism [42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluid-driven aseismic fault slip with permeability enhancement and dilatancy

Dunham

2024

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Injection-induced seismicity and aseismic slip often involve the reactivation of long-dormant faults, which may have extremely low permeability prior to slip. In contrast, most previous models of fluid-driven aseismic slip have assumed linear pressure diffusion in a fault zone of constant permeability and porosity. Slip occurs within a frictional shear crack whose edge can either lag or lead pressure diffusion, depending on the dimensionless stress-injection parameter that quantifies the prestress and injection conditions. Here, we extend this foundational work by accounting for permeability enhancement and dilatancy, assumed to occur instantaneously upon the onset of slip. The fault zone ahead of the crack is assumed to be impermeable, so fluid flow and pressure diffusion are confined to the interior, slipped part of the crack. The confinement of flow increases the pressurization rate and reduction of fault strength, facilitating crack growth even for severely understressed faults. Suctions from dilatancy slow crack growth, preventing propagation beyond the hydraulic diffusion length. Our new two-dimensional and three-dimensional solutions can facilitate the interpretation of induced seismicity data sets. They are especially relevant for faults in initially low permeability formations, such as shale layers serving as caprock seals for geologic carbon storage, or for hydraulic stimulation of geothermal reservoirs. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Induced seismicity in coupled subsurface systems’.

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Section: Three-dimensional Constant Rate Injectionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…which Sáez & Lecampion [40,60] note is only weakly dependent on time and approximated, to order of magnitude accuracy, as 4πΔp. For our model,…”

Section: Three-dimensional Constant Rate Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluid-driven aseismic fault slip with permeability enhancement and dilatancy

Dunham

2024

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Fault size–dependent fracture energy explains multiscale seismicity and cascading earthquakes

Gabriel,

Garagash,

Palgunadi

et al. 2024

Science

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Earthquakes vary in size over many orders of magnitude, often rupturing in complex multifault and multievent sequences. Despite the large number of observed earthquakes, the scaling of the earthquake energy budget remains enigmatic. We propose that fundamentally different fracture processes govern small and large earthquakes. We combined seismological observations with physics-based earthquake models, finding that both dynamic weakening and restrengthening effects are non-negligible in the energy budget of small earthquakes. We established a linear scaling relationship between fracture energy and fault size and a break in scaling with slip. We applied this scaling using supercomputing and unveiled large dynamic rupture earthquake cascades involving >700 multiscale fractures within a fault damage zone. We provide a simple explanation for seismicity across all scales with implications for comprehending earthquake genesis and multifault rupture cascades.

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Quake-DFN: A Software for Simulating Sequences of Induced Earthquakes in a Discrete Fault Network

Im,

Avouac

2024

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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We present an earthquake simulator, Quake-DFN, which allows simulating sequences of earthquakes in a 3D discrete fault network governed by rate and state friction. The simulator is quasi-dynamic, with inertial effects being approximated by radiation damping and a lumped mass. The lumped mass term allows for accounting for inertial overshoot and, in addition, makes the computation more effective. Quake-DFN is compared against three publicly available simulation results: (1) the rupture of a planar fault with uniform prestress (SEAS BP5-QD), (2) the propagation of a rupture across a stepover separating two parallel planar faults (RSQSim and FaultMod), and (3) a branch fault system with a secondary fault splaying from a main fault (FaultMod). Examples of injection-induced earthquake simulations are shown for three different fault geometries: (1) a planar fault with a wide range of initial stresses, (2) a branching fault system with varying fault angles and principal stress orientations, and (3) a fault network similar to the one that was activated during the 2011 Prague, Oklahoma, earthquake sequence. The simulations produce realistic earthquake sequences. The time and magnitude of the induced earthquakes observed in these simulations depend on the difference between the initial friction and the residual friction μi−μf, the value of which quantifies the potential for runaway ruptures (ruptures that can extend beyond the zone of stress perturbation due to the injection). The discrete fault simulations show that our simulator correctly accounts for the effect of fault geometry and regional stress tensor orientation and shape. These examples show that Quake-DFN can be used to simulate earthquake sequences and, most importantly, magnitudes, possibly induced or triggered by a fluid injection near a known fault system.

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Fluid-driven slow slip and earthquake nucleation on a slip-weakening circular fault

Cited by 4 publications

References 75 publications

Fluid-driven aseismic fault slip with permeability enhancement and dilatancy

Fluid-driven aseismic fault slip with permeability enhancement and dilatancy

Fault size–dependent fracture energy explains multiscale seismicity and cascading earthquakes

Quake-DFN: A Software for Simulating Sequences of Induced Earthquakes in a Discrete Fault Network

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