Fluid Dynamic Aspects Of Room Fires

Zukoski, E. E.

doi:10.3801/iafss.fss.1-1

Cited by 65 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The third mode is reached when the vitiated ceiling layer descends below the base of the fire and the entire flame is immersed in an ambient gas which is vitiated. The properties of the flames and combustion products produced in these modes of combustion will depend on a number of parameters some of which are discussed by Zukoski [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics Of Large Diffusion Flames Burning In A Vitiated Atmosphere

Morehart¹,

Zukoski²,

Kubota³

1991

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Third International Sy

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Experiments concerning properties of large diffusion flames burning steadily in a vitiated atmosphere under conditions similar to those which may arise in a room fire are described. The effects of vitiation on the products of combustion and flame lengths, and the extinction limits are described for natural gas and ethylene diffusion flames stabilized on 8.9-, 19-and 50-cm pool-type burners. As vitiation was increased and the flame extinction limit was approached, the flame length increased slightly. Close to the limit, radiation from soot in the flame became imperceptible, leaving only a weakly luminous blue flame. Even with significant reductions in both the flame height and luminosity near the limit conditions, the hydrocarbon fuels were completely oxidized in the flame to water and carbon dioxide and no measurable concentrations of products of incomplete combustion were produced. A comparison of limiting oxygen concentrations and limiting flame temperatures for these experiments with the results of other investigations shows reasonably good agreement despite widely varying experimental techniques. These results are contrasted with those obtained in the unsteady situation which arises when a large buoyant diffusion flame burns in an enclosed space such that the upper part of the flame is in a strongly vitiated layer composed of a mixture of air and products of combustion, and the lower part in fresh aIr.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics Of Large Diffusion Flames Burning In A Vitiated Atmosphere

Morehart¹,

Zukoski²,

Kubota³

1991

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Third International Sy

Self Cite

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“…The dependence of the length of diffusion flames on parameters such as fuel flow rate and burner diameter indicate that there are three regimes of behavior for these flames, see Zukoski (1985). These observations strongly suggest that other properties of these flames will also differ in these regimes and that the regimes should be used in discussing other data sets.…”

Section: Fire-plume Modelingmentioning

confidence: 91%

9th joint panel meeting of the UJNR Panel on Fire Research and Safety

Jason¹,

Houston²

1988

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“…McCaffrey showed it could be used outside the buoyancy and pool fire regimes to correlate H/D over surprisingly broad regimes, including turbulent jet flames. The original correlation was presented as logarithmic plots of H/D against Q* 2/5 [3] and employed the experimental data in [11,24,33,[35][36][37][38][39]. Becker and Liang's data correlation [35] are shown on the present figure, as Q* attained 2·10 7 .…”

Section: The Q* Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Jet flame heights, lift-off distances, and mean flame surface density for extensive ranges of fuels and flow rates

Bradley

Gaskell

et al. 2016

Combustion and Flame

106

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An extensive review and re-thinking of jet flame heights and structure, extending into the choked/supersonic regime is presented, with discussion of the limitations of previous flame height correlations. Completely new dimensionless correlations for the plume heights, lift-off distances, and mean flame surface densities of atmospheric jet flames, in the absence of a cross wind, are presented. It was found that the same flow rate parameter could be used to correlate both plume heights and flame lift-off distances. These are related to the flame structure, jet flame instability, and flame extinction stretch rates, as revealed by complementary experiments and computational studies. The correlations are based on a vast experimental data base, covering 880 flame heights. They encompass pool fires and flares, as well as choked and unchoked jet flames of CH 4 , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 8 , C 4 H 10 and H 2 , over a wide range of conditions. Supply pressures range from 0.06 to 90MPa, discharge diameters from 4·10 -4 to 1.32 m, and flame heights from 0.08 to 110 m. The computational studies enabled reaction zone volumes to be estimated, as a proportion of the plume volumes, measured from flame photographs, and temperature contours. This enabled mean flame surface densities to be estimated, together with mean volumetric heat releases rates. There is evidence of a "saturation" mean surface density and increases in turbulent burn rates being accomplished by near pro rata increases in the overall volume of reacting mixture.

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Fluid Dynamic Aspects Of Room Fires

Cited by 65 publications

References 29 publications

Characteristics Of Large Diffusion Flames Burning In A Vitiated Atmosphere

Characteristics Of Large Diffusion Flames Burning In A Vitiated Atmosphere

9th joint panel meeting of the UJNR Panel on Fire Research and Safety

Jet flame heights, lift-off distances, and mean flame surface density for extensive ranges of fuels and flow rates

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