Fluid dynamics of crude oil flow: the longer-term study of pressure losses in oil pipelines

Flows of Linear Polymer Solutions and Other Suspensions of Rod-like Particles: Anisotropic Micropolar-Fluid Theory Approach

“…After switching to a productive regime, the developed friction loss is less in the first case. Such a conclusion agrees with known in situ data [9].…”

“…As a result, it is discovered that friction factor can depend not only on oil discharge, but on its prehistory as well [38]. It turns out that the smallest friction losses are achieved by decreasing rather than increasing the flow rate to a predetermined level [9]. Let us show that the developed mathematical model in Section 1 captures such an a effect.…”

“…To this end, we study Poiseuille-like shear flows. The practice of pumping oil in pipelines shows that the total oil flux can depend not only on the pressure gradient, but on the history of pumping as well [9]. We establish that the developed model captures such an effect and show its relationship with the hysteresis phenomenon.…”

Lateral-Concentration Inhomogeneities in Flows of Suspensions of Rod-like Particles: The Approach of the Theory of Anisotropic Micropolar Fluid

“…The third equation in (9) is the internal angular momentum conservation law. The latter equation in (9) implies that the number of particles is constant in any fluid-solid infinitesimal material volume.…”

“…As for suspensions of rod-like particles, shear flows of the Poiseuille type were studied and the indicated properties characteristic of such suspensions were obtained. The practice of transporting oil in pipelines shows that reaching the optimal operating mode depends on the history of pumping [9]. It is proved that hysteresis occurs and it underlies this effect.…”