Fluid experiments on the dump bailing method in the plug and abandonment of oil and gas wells

Akbari, Soheil; Taghavi, Seyed Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108920

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…After the cessation of its operational lifespan, a well must be thoroughly sealed and decommissioned to avoid the potential for uncontrolled leaks that may harm fragile marine habitats [12,13]. A common method for achieving this is to inject a cement slurry into the wellbore, which subsequently dries and acts as a solid barrier [14,15]. In preparing the well for the placement of a cement plug, the clearance of the site is a crucial aspect of P&A operations, for which the jet cleaning technique has been developed as a recent innovation [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study of buoyant jets : effects of viscoplasticity

Moosavi,

Hassanzadeh,

Akbari

et al. 2023

Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 6

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In this paper, we experimentally investigated the injection of a Newtonian jet into Newtonian/viscoplastic ambient fluids. Although this study has applications in environmental flows, mixing processes, and so on, the main application of our interest is the plug and abandonment of oil and gas wells. Hence, we analyzed the impingement time of the jet in addition to other jet characteristics, namely, the laminar length and the deviation length. Furthermore, we observed two regimes for different ambient fluids, i.e. the mixing regime for a Newtonian ambient fluid and the trapped regime for a viscoplastic ambient fluid. Moreover, we examined the impact of the Reynolds number (Re) and the Bingham number (BN), on the jet characteristics. Re and BN have opposite effects on the impingement time, causing a decrease and growth, respectively. We also observed the existence of a laminar length at higher Re in the trapped regime, compared to the mixing regime. An increase in Re results in a growth in the deviation length for both regimes, and this growing trend is more drastic for the mixing regime.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study of buoyant jets : effects of viscoplasticity

Moosavi,

Hassanzadeh,

Akbari

et al. 2023

Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 6

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“…A displacement flow simply describes removing/displacing an in-place fluid by injecting another fluid with different properties. Such a flow has been widely investigated in confined geometries, such as pipes, for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids [2,3,4]. Besides the rheological effects of the fluids, many effective parameters such as the viscosity and density of the fluids (in other words the physical properties of the fluids), the geometry configuration (pipe, annulus, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscoplastic fluid displacement flow in pipes : the effects of pipe axial

Kazemi,

Akbari,

Hassanzadeh

et al. 2023

Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 6

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This study investigates experimentally the influence of a pipe axial rotation on the buoyant miscible displacement flow of a Newtonian fluid by a viscoplastic fluid in a vertical pipe. Within the range of operational flow and fluid parameters examined in this study, the emergence of separation and nonseparation flow regimes was observed as the heavy fluid was imposed. The effects of the pipe axial rotation on these flow regimes and front velocities were compared. The results indicate that the addition of axial rotation to the pipe at low values of the imposed flow rate can result a transition from the separation regime to the non-separation regime. However, for high values of the imposed velocity, the displacement flow regime remains largely unchanged when the pipe axial rotation is applied. Additionally, the displacement front velocity (𝑉 ̂𝑓) decreases in the domain where the separation regime occurs when rotational speed is increased.

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“…The injection of a viscoplastic fluid into another fluid occurs in many industrial applications, such as the plug and abandonment (P&A) of oil and gas wells (Nelson & Guillot 2006; Khalifeh & Saasen 2020; Akbari & Taghavi 2021), three-dimensional printing (Karyappa, Ohno & Hashimoto 2019; Lawson et al. 2021), etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance in the dump bailing method, which is a widely used P&A process, a heavy viscoplastic cement slurry is injected (via an eccentric inner pipe) into a long circular casing to remove in situ light Newtonian fluids (typically water) and seal the wellbore (Nelson & Guillot 2006). We have recently studied in detail such injection flows, albeit for Newtonian fluids (Akbari & Taghavi 2020, 2021), finding highly dispersive flows. However, to realistically analyse industrially relevant flows, structured viscoplastic fluid flows must be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From breakup to coiling and buckling regimes in buoyant viscoplastic injections

Akbari

Taghavi

2022

J. Fluid Mech.

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We study the injection flow of a heavy viscoplastic fluid into a light Newtonian fluid, via modelling and experiments. The injection is carried out downward, via an eccentric inner pipe inside a vertical closed-end outer pipe. This configuration results in a core viscoplastic fluid surrounded by an annular Newtonian fluid. The flow is structured and mixing is negligible. As the injection rate increases in a typical experiment, we observe three distinct flow regimes, associated with the core fluid behaviour, namely the breakup, coiling and buckling (bulging) regimes. In the breakup regime, the core fluid is yielded due to the extension caused by buoyancy, while in the buckling regime the yielding occurs due to the compression promoted by the pressure and the interfacial shear stress applied by the upward flow of the annular fluid. For the coiling regime, the core fluid remains largely unyielded until it exhibits a coiling behaviour. We develop a lubrication approximation model, using the Herschel–Bulkley constitutive equation, with dimensionless flow parameters including the Bingham number, the power-law index, the buoyancy number, the viscosity ratio, the diameter ratio, the eccentricity and the aspect ratio. Based on a reasonable prediction to the yielding onset, the model allows us to classify the flow regimes versus an elegant combination of the dimensionless numbers.

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Fluid experiments on the dump bailing method in the plug and abandonment of oil and gas wells

Cited by 22 publications

References 74 publications

An experimental study of buoyant jets : effects of viscoplasticity

An experimental study of buoyant jets : effects of viscoplasticity

Viscoplastic fluid displacement flow in pipes : the effects of pipe axial

From breakup to coiling and buckling regimes in buoyant viscoplastic injections

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