Fluid Flow through 90 Degree Bends

Spedding, P.L.; Bénard, Emmanuel; Mcnally, G. M.

doi:10.1002/apj.5500120109

Cited by 74 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…The curved section's entrance and exit pipes were particularly short, with length one elbow diameter. The most contemporary investigation to date on curved pipe flow characteristics is that by Spedding et al, 7 who discovered that 90°bend flow characteristics were multifaceted. They determined therefore that developing a theory which reflected the practical dynamics is awkward, given the various flow features at the boundary and separation layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steady laminar flow in a 90° bend

Pantokratoras

2016

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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This research undertook an assessment of the characteristics of laminar flow in a 90°bend. The research utilised the computational fluid dynamics software tool ANSYS Fluent, adopting a finite volume method. The study focused on pressure decreases, velocity profiles, Dean vortices and Dean cells present in the bend. The results indicated that the Dean vortices first appear slightly at the bend, take a clear form at the exit pipe and disappear further downstream. This article contains also an original chart for determining the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor, while the areas of pipe where Dean vortices and Dean cells formed are presented in a bifurcation diagram.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steady laminar flow in a 90° bend

Pantokratoras

2016

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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“…Spedding et al . [15] have suggested that a more reliable dimensionless method of presentation of pressure drop data for pipe fittings can be achieved by using an equivalent length parameter le/d based on inlet conditions. arm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid flow in an impacting symmetrical tee junction: I single‐phase flow and experimental

Doherty

Murphy

Spedding

2009

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Experiments were conducted on single-phase fluid flow in a horizontal 90• symmetrical impacting tee junction of 0.026 m i.d. The impacting geometry was chosen because, unlike the combining tee, the pressure loss of the system was not amenable to modelling. Various methods of presentation of the junction pressure drop were attempted and a simple dimensionless model suggested based on the inlet Reynolds number and the equivalent length parameter le/d. 

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“…Elbow (horizontal) adiabatic (single-phase flow) Pressure drop by [50]. adiabatic (two-phase flow) Pressure drop by [4].…”

Section: Componentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…adiabatic (two-phase flow) Pressure drop by [4]. Elbow (vertical) adiabatic (single-phase flow) Pressure drop by [50] and [3]. adiabatic (two-phase flow)…”

Section: Componentmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-chip two-phase cooling of datacenters: Cooling system and energy recovery evaluation

Marcinichen

Olivier

Thome

2012

Applied Thermal Engineering

133

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a b s t r a c tCooling of datacenters is estimated to have an annual electricity cost of 1.4 billion dollars in the United States and 3.6 billion dollars worldwide. Currently, refrigerated air is the most widely used means of cooling datacenter's servers, which typically represents 40e45% of the total energy consumed in a datacenter. Based on the above issues, thermal designers of datacenters and server manufacturers now seem to agree that there is an immediate need to improve the server cooling process. The goal of the present study is to propose and simulate the performance of a novel hybrid two-phase cooling cycle with micro-evaporator elements (multi-microchannel evaporators) for direct cooling of the chips and auxiliary electronics on blade server boards (savings in energy consumption of over 60% are expected). Different working fluids were considered, namely water, HFC134a and a new, more environmentally friendly, refrigerant HFO1234ze. The results so far demonstrated that the pumping power consumption is on the order of 5 times higher for the water-cooled cycle. Additionally, a case study considering the hybrid cooling cycle applied on a datacenter and exploring the application of energy recovered in the condenser on a feedwater heater of a coal power plant was also investigated (modern datacenters require the dissipation of 5e15 MW of heat). Aspects such as minimization of energy consumption and CO 2 footprint and maximization of energy recovery (exergetic efficiency) and power plant efficiency are investigated.

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Fluid Flow through 90 Degree Bends

Cited by 74 publications

References 180 publications

Steady laminar flow in a 90° bend

Steady laminar flow in a 90° bend

Fluid flow in an impacting symmetrical tee junction: I single‐phase flow and experimental

On-chip two-phase cooling of datacenters: Cooling system and energy recovery evaluation

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