“…(1978) classified flow in porous media into three regimes: pre‐Darcy flow, Darcy flow, and post‐Darcy flow (Figure 1a). Pre‐Darcy flow occurs mainly in low‐velocity seepage in low‐permeability media at low pressure gradients (Celik et al., 2017; Neuzil, 1986; Siddiqui et al., 2016; Zeng et al., 2011). Based on many experimental and simulation studies, most current scholars agree that the cause of this phenomenon is the formation of a liquid film by the adsorption of fluid on the pore wall (Afsharpoor & Javadpour, 2016; Cai, 2014; Tokunaga, 2009; S. Yang & Yu, 2020).…”