Fluid-inclusion microthermometry and the Zr-in-rutile thermometer for hydrothermal rutile

Cabral, Alexandre Raphael; Ríos, Francisco Javier; Oliveira, Lucilia Aparecida Ramos de; Abreu, Francisco Robério de; Lehmann, Bernd; Zack, Thomas; Laufek, František

doi:10.1007/s00531-014-1120-8

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Meyer et al, 2011;Kooijman et al, 2012;Pape et al, 2016;Hart et al, 2016). However, Chen and Li (2008) and Cabral et al (2015) have shown difficulties with its application at either UHP…”

Section: Rutile In Earth Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two billion years of evolution enclosed in hydrothermal rutile: Recycling of the São Francisco Craton Crust and constraints on gold remobilisation processes

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Quadrilátero Ferrífero in the São Francisco Craton, Brazil is known for its world-class gold deposits hosted by the Rio das Velhas greenstone belt (RdV). As in other greenstone belts, gold is also concentrated in late Archean/early Paleoproterozoic supracrustal units; in this case within the Moeda Formation. This unit has been compared to the Witwatersrand basin where there has been a long-term debate over the nature of the gold and whether it is detrital (placer), hydrothermal or hybrid (modified placer). Presently, links between gold in the Moeda Formation and RdV are tenuous. To enlighten this area of ambiguity, a new approach using chemical, isotopic and mineral inclusion data from detrital rutile found in the gold-bearing horizons of the Moeda Formation is presented. Grain textures and mineral inclusions have contributed to establishing a primary hydrothermal origin for the rutile, related to As-Fe-Cu-Sb-Pb-W rich mineralising fluids. Fe, Nb and V indicate that the likely source of the gold-related rutiles is the Archean banded iron formations within the RdV, where most of the lode-gold occurs. Average Nb/Ta values of these rutiles are lower than average continental crust ratios which suggests fractionation driven by fluid precipitation and/or competing mineral phases. U-Pb data yield primary crystallisation ages older than deposition ages (> 2.58 Ga), supporting the detrital nature of these rutiles. Rutiles record

show abstract

“…Meyer et al, 2011;Kooijman et al, 2012;Pape et al, 2016;Hart et al, 2016). However, Chen and Li (2008) and Cabral et al (2015) have shown difficulties with its application at either UHP…”

Section: Rutile In Earth Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two billion years of evolution enclosed in hydrothermal rutile: Recycling of the São Francisco Craton Crust and constraints on gold remobilisation processes

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar halogen-rich (e.g., F and Cl) aqueous fluids have been reported in other deposits that significantly affect redistribution of Zr in rutile [68]. Large variations in temperatures estimated from the Zr-in-rutile geothermometry have been addressed in other studies [7,18,68,91]. Therefore, the application of a Zr-in-rutile thermometer to magmatic-hydrothermal ore systems should be approached with caution.…”

Section: Application Of Zr-in-rutile Thermometer To Magmatic-hydrothermal Ore Systemmentioning

confidence: 54%

Rutile and Chlorite Geochemistry Constraints on the Formation of the Tuwu Porphyry Cu Deposit, Eastern Tianshan and Its Exploration Significance

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The chemical composition of rutile has been used as an indicator in magmatic and metamorphic-related diagenetic systems, but rarely in porphyry-style ore systems. The Tuwu deposit (557 Mt at 0.58% Cu) is a large porphyry-style Cu mineralization in Eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang, with typical disseminated, stockwork mineralized veins hosted in tonalite and diorite porphyry, and to a lesser extent in volcanic rocks of the Qi’eshan Group. We first present determination of rutile minerals coupled with chlorite identified in mineralized porphyries from Tuwu to reveal their geochemical features, thus providing new insights into the ore-forming processes and metal exploration. Petrographic and BSE observations show that the rutile generally occurs as large crystals (30 to 80 µm), in association with hydrothermal quartz, chlorite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite. The rutile grains display V, Fe, and Sn enrichment and flat LREE-MREE patterns, indicating a hydrothermal origin. Titanium in rutile (TiO2) is suggested to be sourced from the breakdown and re-equilibration of primary magmatic biotite and Ti-magnetite, and substituted by Sn4+, high field strength elements (HFSE; e.g., Zr4+ and Hf4+), and minor Mo4+ under hydrothermal conditions. The extremely low Mo values (average 30 ppm) in rutile may be due to rutile formation postdating that of Mo sulfides (MoS2) formation in hydrothermal fluids. Chlorite analyses imply that the ore-forming fluids of the main stage were weakly oxidized (logfO2 = −28.5 to −22.1) and of intermediate temperatures (308 to 372 °C), consistent with previous fluid inclusion studies. In addition, Zr-in-rutile geothermometer yields overestimated temperatures (>430 °C) as excess Zr is incorporated into rutile, which is likely caused by fast crystal growth or post crystallization modification by F-Cl-bearing fluid. Thus, application of this geothermometer to magmatic-hydrothermal ore systems is questionable. Based on the comparison of rutile characteristics of porphyry Cu with other types of ore deposits and barren rocks, we suggest that porphyry Cu-related rutile typically has larger grain size, is enriched in V (average 3408 ppm, compared to <1500 ppm of barren rocks) and to a lesser extent in W and Sn (average 121 and 196 ppm, respectively), and has elevated Cr + V/Nb + Ta ratios. These distinctive signatures can be used as critical indicators of porphyry-style Cu mineralization and may serve as a valuable tool in mineral exploration.

show abstract

“…Once the precipitation of apatite took place, the mineralizing fluids became depleted in F, consequently reducing the solubility of Ti, Zr and other HFSE resulting in Ti saturation and the crystallization of rutile. In addition, unlike the slow heating and cooling processes in metamorphic rocks, hydrothermal rutile is commonly formed in events with rapid pulsating fluid flow leading to enrichment of Zr (Cabral et al, 2015;Agangi et al, 2019;Feng et al, 2020). The estimated rutile crystallization temperature in this study using the Zr-in-rutile thermometer of Tomkins et al ( 2007) is over 100 °C higher than the fluid inclusion temperature reported by Sun et al (2021) demonstrating that Zr-in-rutile thermometer is not appropriate for use in rutile of hydrothermal origin (Cabral et al, 2015).…”

Section: Origin and Formation Environment Of Tio 2 Polymorphsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Hydrothermal fluid signatures of the Yulong porphyry Cu-Mo deposit: Clues from the composition and U-Pb dating of W-bearing rutile

Chen

Wang

Bagas

et al. 2023

American Mineralogist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrothermal rutile (TiO 2 ) is a widely distributed accessory mineral in hydrothermal veins or alteration assemblages of porphyry deposits and provides important information for further understanding hydrothermal fluid signatures. This study investigates the geochemical composition and U-Pb dates of hydrothermal rutile from the Yulong porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in east This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America.The published version is subject to change. Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press.

show abstract

Fluid-inclusion microthermometry and the Zr-in-rutile thermometer for hydrothermal rutile

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Two billion years of evolution enclosed in hydrothermal rutile: Recycling of the São Francisco Craton Crust and constraints on gold remobilisation processes

Two billion years of evolution enclosed in hydrothermal rutile: Recycling of the São Francisco Craton Crust and constraints on gold remobilisation processes

Rutile and Chlorite Geochemistry Constraints on the Formation of the Tuwu Porphyry Cu Deposit, Eastern Tianshan and Its Exploration Significance

Hydrothermal fluid signatures of the Yulong porphyry Cu-Mo deposit: Clues from the composition and U-Pb dating of W-bearing rutile

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About