Fluid Masculinities? Case Study of the Kingdom of Bahrain

Abstract

Soil classification is a complicated and difficult process; the level of complexity depends on the extent of the information needed. The objective of this paper is to produce a digital soil map for the Kingdom of Bahrain. The Kingdom does not have such a map at the present time. Borehole data of more than 300 sites is collected form the Ministry of Work. Old maps are obtained from the Surveying Land Registration Bureau (SLRB). Multispectral LandSat images from the years 1973 to 1976 are downloaded from online sources. All paper format maps are scanned, geo-referenced and converted to GIS format. LandSat images are classified using supervised image classification; pixel value refers to a specific soil type. Borehole data is treated as a point feature and soil related information is entered as attribute data. A hybrid model that performs classification based on weighted average mean for the raster and vector data is developed. The model consists of calibration and execution module. The model is tested and a digital soil map for the Kingdom of Bahrain is produced. The map encompasses the historical Awal land and the newly reclaimed areas. Analysis revealed that there are solid waste dumping activities in the sea and lowland areas.