Fluid Mechanics of Waste-Water Disposal in the Ocean

Koh, Robert C. Y.; Brooks, Norman H.

doi:10.1146/annurev.fl.07.010175.001155

Cited by 93 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, nearshore water quality is often compromised by terrestrial runoff and offshore waste disposal [e.g., Koh and Brooks, 1975;Schiff et al, 2000;Halpern et al, 2008]. Globally, microbial pathogen exposure from polluted nearshore water causes an estimated 120 million gastrointestinal illnesses and 50 million severe respiratory illnesses annually [Dorfman and Stoner, 2012] with significant economic impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfzone to inner‐shelf exchange estimated from dye tracer balances

et al. 2015

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Surfzone and inner‐shelf tracer dispersion are observed at an approximately alongshore‐uniform beach. Fluorescent Rhodamine WT dye, released near the shoreline continuously for 6.5 h, is advected alongshore by breaking‐wave‐ and wind‐driven currents, and ejected offshore from the surfzone to the inner‐shelf by transient rip currents. Novel aerial‐based multispectral dye concentration images and in situ measurements of dye, waves, and currents provide tracer transport and dilution observations spanning about 350 m cross‐shore and 3 km alongshore. Downstream dilution of near‐shoreline dye follows power law decay with exponent −0.33, implying that a tenfold increase in alongshore distance reduces the concentration about 50%. Coupled surfzone and inner‐shelf dye mass balances close, and in 5 h, roughly half of the surfzone‐released dye is transported offshore to the inner‐shelf. Observed cross‐shore transports are parameterized well ( , best fit slope ) using a bulk exchange velocity and mean surfzone to inner‐shelf dye concentration difference. The best fit cross‐shore exchange velocity is similar to a temperature‐derived exchange velocity on another day with similar wave conditions. The magnitude and observed inner‐shelf dye length scales, time scales, and vertical structure indicate the dominance of transient rip currents in surfzone to inner‐shelf cross‐shore exchange during moderate waves at this alongshore‐uniform beach.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfzone to inner‐shelf exchange estimated from dye tracer balances

et al. 2015

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“…r=Z( z) exp {i( -wt+ax+i3Y)} (67) and the homogeneous version of eq (59) becomes (68) where (68) are that the vertical velocity diS ct vanish at z= -D and that the pressure remain constant (at atmospheric pres m e) at t he free surface z= O. Phillips [5] presents the proper boundary condi tion to first order at th e free urface; but for internal waves this surface can be treated approximately as a rigid boundary [29].…”

Section: Waves In Stratified Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The near field has been discussed in a variety of papers [4,[65][66][67][68]. If the effluent is discharged with a substantial initial momentum, the effects of buoyancy can often be neglected in the immediate vicinity of the outfall; then standard results on the growth rate, entrainment and mixing can be used,from the theory of tu.rbule~t jets.…”

Section: Thermal Dischargesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of selected aspects of stratified and rotating fluids

Rehm¹

1976

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. B. MATH. SCI.

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A survey is presented of phenom ena in s tra tified a nd rota tin g flu ids, Car e is t a ken t o d e fin e importa nt qu a ntities, t o dis cuss basic co n ce pts, t o d eri ve t h e fund a m ental equa ti on s and t o prese nt the bas ic n ondi mens ional p a r am et ers associa ted with t hcse fl ows. Af ter a r a ther ex t ensive section o n waves, th e a na logy bet wee n s tra t ifi ed and r ot a tin g fl ows is di scussed . Then n o nl in ea r processes a nd tra nsport a nd diffu sion processes a r e r ev ie wed. Alth ou gh thi s r ep ort is rath er brief in pa rts, it d isplays the ri ch vari ct y of p hc no men:1 in strati fle d a nd rot a tin g fluids. It a lso tabulates m a n y of t he im p orta nt refer ences.This rep or t also co n ta ins a di scussion of so m e appl ications. Phys ical oceanography, phys ical 1i mnology a nd m e t eorology a re all a r eas of appli cation in t he ea rth sciences. The va riety of a pp licn.tion is stressed at the expense of d ep t h and co mplete ness, The m ore t echn ological ap plica ti on of plumes in bodi es of water or in t he a tm os pher e is a lso dis cussed.Fin all y, so m e impor tant p r oble m a r eas a r c bri efl y s ur veyed . These areas a r c turb ul en cc, no n I in ear p r ocesses, num eri cal co m p uta ti on of f1 01I'" a nd furth er n.p p li ea ti ons. K ey word s : Buoya nt fl ows; geoph ys ical fluid f1 oll's; iner t ia l II'aves; in tern a l II-aves; r ot n.tin g fluids; s trat ified fluid s; wa ves in fiuids . Contents

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“…Koh and Brooks [26] equated outfalls to underwater chimneys with an emphasis on particulate deposition. They note that "it is practically never feasible to provide such complete treatment that an outfall is not necessary, nor is it common to depend entirely on an outfall with no treatment."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They note that "it is practically never feasible to provide such complete treatment that an outfall is not necessary, nor is it common to depend entirely on an outfall with no treatment." As a result, modeling the fate and transport is assumed to follow a Gaussian dispersion which continually deforms under applied shear stress to generate a time-averaged pollutant concentration relationship between that can be modeled using a normal, Gaussian, distribution curve along its longitudinal axis [26] [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of SF<sub>6</sub> and GIS to Study Farfield Modeling of Ocean Outfall Plumes in Florida

Bloetscher¹,

Pleitez²,

Romah³

et al. 2014

JEP

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In June, 2004 and February, 2007, in field tracer studies were conducted on the Hollywood and South Central outfalls, using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as a tracer. The objective of these studies was to determine if the tracer could be detected in the farfield at significant distance, and if so, could this data be used to construct a model of the farfield plume. Prior models for farfield plume movement do not appear to comport well with the conditions in southeast Florida. Extensive research was conducted in southeast Florida on 4 outfalls, which led to the development of nearfield dilution equations for same. However farfield modeling of outfall plumes was difficult to accomplish because the tracers used are not detectable for significant distances. The SF6 resolved that problem and as a result the Hollywood outfall was used to construct a model. Two methods were investigated for modeling the plume, 1) the Eureqa formulation method and 2) the Gamma-Curve method. The concentrations in the x-y plane were first found by using the Eureqa formulation to calculate the concentration at each grid point given its depth and the concentration of the centerline at the same latitude. The plume models were generated using MATLAB that matched with the results actually seen in the field.

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Fluid Mechanics of Waste-Water Disposal in the Ocean

Cited by 93 publications

References 33 publications

Surfzone to inner‐shelf exchange estimated from dye tracer balances

Surfzone to inner‐shelf exchange estimated from dye tracer balances

A survey of selected aspects of stratified and rotating fluids

The Use of SF<sub>6</sub> and GIS to Study Farfield Modeling of Ocean Outfall Plumes in Florida

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Fluid Mechanics of Waste-Water Disposal in the Ocean

Cited by 93 publications

References 33 publications

Surfzone to inner‐shelf exchange estimated from dye tracer balances

Surfzone to inner‐shelf exchange estimated from dye tracer balances

A survey of selected aspects of stratified and rotating fluids

The Use of SF&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; and GIS to Study Farfield Modeling of Ocean Outfall Plumes in Florida

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The Use of SF<sub>6</sub> and GIS to Study Farfield Modeling of Ocean Outfall Plumes in Florida