Fluid mixing using AC electrothermal flow on meandering electrodes in a microchannel

Sasaki, Naoki; Kitamori, Takehiko; Kim, Haeng‐Boo

doi:10.1002/elps.201200099

Cited by 54 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…the electric, 22,23 magnetic, 24 and acoustic 25 fields in addition to others. Of late, theoretical and experimental studies on AC electrokinetics [26][27][28] have extended to AC electroosmosis (ACEO) 29,30 and AC electrothermal (ACET).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 Although efficient ACET mixers were reported, several issues are remained to be addressed for the application in organs-on-a-chip systems. Ng et al 33 reported a micromixer that can be operated from the ACEO (r ¼ 1 mS/m) to the ACET (r ¼ 500 mS/m) with the voltage of 20 V. Sasaki et al 23 designed a pair of coplanar electrodes with a sinusoidal interelectrode gap to mix the fluids (r ¼ 1.29 S/m) with the voltage of 30 V. Wu et al 34 used ACET 3-D electrodes to mix the fluids (r ¼ 0.2-1 S/m) with the voltage of 42-51.75 V. The electric conductivity of cell culture medium is around 1.7 S/m, which is beyond the upper limit of the previous study of the ACET micromixer. Huge joule heat will be generated in cell culture medium with the high voltages in the above studies (V ¼ 20-51.75 V), which will damage the cells or destroy some of the protein in the culture medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-plane microvortices micromixer-based AC electrothermal for testing drug induced death of tumor cells

et al. 2016

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Herein, we first describe a perfusion chip integrated with an AC electrothermal (ACET) micromixer to supply a uniform drug concentration to tumor cells. The inplane fluid microvortices for mixing were generated by six pairs of reconstructed novel ACET asymmetric electrodes. To enhance the mixing efficiency, the novel ACET electrodes with rotating angles of 0 , 30 , and 60 were investigated. The asymmetric electrodes with a rotating angle of 60 exhibited the highest mixing efficiency by both simulated and experimental results. The length of the mixing area is 7 mm, and the mixing efficiency is 89.12% (approximate complete mixing) at a voltage of 3 V and a frequency of 500 kHz. The applicability of our micromixer with electrodes rotating at 60 was demonstrated by the drug (tamoxifen) test of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) for five days, which implies that our ACET inplane microvortices micromixer has great potential for the application of drug induced rapid death of tumor cells and mixing of biomaterials in organs-on-a-chip systems. Published by AIP Publishing. [http://dx

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-plane microvortices micromixer-based AC electrothermal for testing drug induced death of tumor cells

et al. 2016

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“…Numerical study of ACET flow was proposed as actuation mechanism for mixing applications, with the same size of electrode pairs on the opposite side walls of a microchannel . A pair of coplanar electrodes with a sinusoidal inter‐electrode gap was investigated experimentally to enhance the mixing process inside a microchannel by ACET effects . Microfluidic chip consisted of a DC‐heating element and AC field electrodes arranged as ACET micropump with driving voltage below 5 V .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi‐directional ACET micropump for on‐chip biological applications

et al. 2016

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The ability to control and pump high ionic strength fluids inside microchannels forms a major advantage for clinical diagnostics and drug screening processes, where high conductive biological and physiological buffers are used. Despite the known potential of AC electro-thermal (ACET) effect in different biomedical applications, comparatively little is known about controlling the velocity and direction of fluid inside the chip. Here, we proposed to discretize the conventional electrodes to form various asymmetric electrode structures in order to control the fluid direction by simple switching the appropriate electric potential applied to the discretized electrodes. The ACET pumping effect was numerically studied by solving electrical, thermal and hydrodynamic multi-physic coupled equations to optimize the geometrical dimensions of the discretized system. PBS solutions with different ionic strength were seeded with 1 μm sized fluorescent particles and electrothermally driven fluid motion was observed inside the channel for different electrode structures. Experimental analyses confirm that the proposed micropump is efficient for a conductivity range between 0.1 and 1 S/m and the efficiency improves by increasing the voltage amplitude. Behavior of the proposed electrode-electrolyte system is discussed by lumped circuit model. Frequency response of system illustrated that the optimal frequency range increases by increasing the conductivity of medium. For 0.18 S/m PBS solution, the constant pumping effect was observed at frequency range between 100 kHz and 1 MHz, while frequency range of 100 kHz to 5 MHZ was observed for 0.42 S/m. The characteristics of experimental results were in good agreement with the theoretical model.

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“…35 An improved design has also been reported recently (Figure 4B). 36 In this design, a pair of coplanar electrodes with a sinusoidal interelectrode gap was used to enhance the mixing in a microchannel.…”

Section: Microfluidic Operationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

AC Electrokinetics of Physiological Fluids for Biomedical Applications

Liu

Lamanda

et al. 2015

SLAS Technology

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AC electrokinetics is a collection of processes for manipulating bulk fluid mass and embedded objects with AC electric fields. The ability of AC electrokinetics to implement the major microfluidic operations, such as pumping, mixing, concentration and separation, makes it possible to develop integrated systems for clinical diagnostics in non-traditional healthcare settings. The high conductivity of physiological fluids presents new challenges and opportunities for AC electrokinetics based diagnostic systems. In this review, AC electrokinetic phenomena in conductive physiological fluids are described followed by a review of the basic microfluidic operations and the recent biomedical applications of AC electrokinetics. The future prospects of AC electrokinetics for clinical diagnostics are presented.

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Fluid mixing using AC electrothermal flow on meandering electrodes in a microchannel

Cited by 54 publications

References 28 publications

In-plane microvortices micromixer-based AC electrothermal for testing drug induced death of tumor cells

In-plane microvortices micromixer-based AC electrothermal for testing drug induced death of tumor cells

Bi‐directional ACET micropump for on‐chip biological applications

AC Electrokinetics of Physiological Fluids for Biomedical Applications

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