Fluid Optimization in Liver Surgery

Goal-directed fluid therapy vs. low central venous pressure during major open liver resections (GALILEO): a surgeon- and patient-blinded randomized controlled trial

“…15 degrees) and the results showed that surgeons did not correctly guess treatment allocation in three of these four patients in which reverse-Trendelenburg positioning was used. Fifth, although it has been shown that CVP and SV are not affected by the Pringle maneuver,42 the effects of the Pringle manoeuvre on cardiac output monitoring and fluid responsiveness are currently unclear. For this reason, cardiac output monitoring during the use of the Pringle manoeuvre might not be reliable and should be used with caution.…”