Fluid-percussion model of mechanical brain injury in the cat

Abstract

Key WORDS ~ acute brain injury 9 acute head injury 9 closed head injury 9 brain-stem hemorrhage 9 pressure transients 9 EEG spectral analysis 9 mechanical brain injury model A MAJOR goal in research into the mechanisms of production of brain damage and dysfunctions in patients with severe head injury is the development of a suitable animal model. A broad range of experimental techniques has been employed to produce mechanical brain injury: weight dropped down a tube, 24 pendulum, 9'1~ hammer, 9,1~ spring-mounted weights, x~ blasting caps, 5 iron paddle, ~5 rotary striker, ~ compressed-air gun, 23 humane stunner, ~9 and recently, head-accelerating devices? '4'~8 In the 52.0

Animal models of traumatic brain injury: A critical evaluation

“…The main advantages of the fluid percussion model are similar to that described for the CCI model in that it induces graded levels of brain injury and produces axonal injuries and contusions, as well as impaired neurologic motor function and cognitive deficits (Dixon et al, 1987;McIntosh et al, 1987;Yaghmai and Povlishock, 1992). It has also been modified and widely applied (Sullivan et al, 1976;Povlishock et al, 1983;Dixon et al, 1987;McIntosh et al, 1989;Yamaki et al, (1994) to other animal species including the rat, dog, rabbit, cat and swine and has been used in combination with microdialysis in the rat Busto et al, 1987;Kawamata et al, 1995;Katayama et al, 1990). Also, fluid flow characteristics (i.e.…”

Identification and Characterization of Heterogeneous Neuronal Injury and Death in Regions of Diffuse Brain Injury: Evidence for Multiple Independent Injury Phenotypes

“…Adult rats were infused with extracellular tracers and subjected to moderate central (midline) fluid percussion injury (FPI) consistent with previously described protocols (Sullivan et al, 1976;Dixon et al, 1987). Briefly, 23 male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 390 Ϯ 22 gm (mean Ϯ SD) were surgically prepared for the induction of FPI.…”

Astrocyte Reactivity and Reactive Astrogliosis: Costs and Benefits

“…They have been essential for understanding the function of astrocytes in health including their function in metabolism, neurotransmitter recycling, and calcium signaling and to mimic various disease situations such as injury, hypoxia, or neurodegenerative diseases (2,3,51,65,76,128,157,206,230,265). Traditional two-dimensional culture systems for astrocytes, however, have a number of limitations that include highly reduced morphological complexity of astrocytes upon their transfer in vitro and undesired baseline reactivity of astrocytes upon in vitro culture (128,186).…”