Fluid Replacement Strategy during a 27-Km Trail Run in Hot and Humid Conditions

Baillot, Michelle; Bris, Stéphanie Le; Hue, O.

doi:10.1055/s-0034-1367073

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This in addition to the reports from the swimmers of no urine excretion during the events further supports that they drank very little during the Competition. The swimmers' core temperature increased up to a mean 38.3 °C (i. e., a mean 0.9 °C increase or a mean 0.44 °C.h − 1 increase), which is comparable to that noted in swimmers in similar environmental and exercise conditions [15] but lower than in other land-based observations [1,6]. The relatively small increase in core temperature noted in the present official international open water competition, despite the low water intake and the relatively warm water (warmer than the swimming pool temperature usually noted in studies), might be explained by the swimmers' being acclimatized (i. e., have developed hypervolemia) [14] to the tropical climate at the moment of the tests.…”

Section: Competitionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…This very limited water ingestion resulted in a loss of 0.87 kg during the 10-km race (i. e., − 0.44 kg per h), which is lower than that usually noted in other land-based endurance sports of similar duration and environmental conditions [1,6], greater than the loss noted by Maughan et al [20] in a swimming pool, and similar to the loss noted by Hue et al [15] in the present swimmers during experimental swimming pool tests. Most of the body mass decrease in land-based endurance events is due to sweat loss [2], but the swimmers of the present study showed a mean 0.48 L.h − 1 sweat loss rate, which is very low for land-based exercise in a tropical environment: Byrne et al [6] reported 1.47 L.h − 1 and Baillot et al [1] reported 1.2 l.h − 1 . On the other hand, this rate is similar to those noted by Maughan et al [20] in a neutral temperature swimming pool and by others in 29 °C water [8,31].…”

Section: Competitionmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Imposed Cold-water Ingestion during Open Water Swimming in Internationally Ranked Swimmers

Hue¹,

Monjo²,

Riera³

2015

Int J Sports Med

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The authors explored the effects of open water swimming in a tropical environment on both core temperature (T c) and thermal perceptions of high-level swimmers during an official international 10-km race and two 5-km swimming tests. The swimmers drank neutral water (i. e., 28.0±3.0°C) ad libitum every 2,000 m during Competition, whereas the ingested volume was imposed in the 5-km tests: every 1,000 m, they drank 190 mL of cold water (CW, 1.1±0.7°C) or neutral water (NW, 28.0±3.0°C). They also self-rated their thermal comfort and sensation (TC and TS), and their T c was recorded. The study demonstrated that adequate fluid intake significantly decreased T c in swimmers swimming at race pace in hot water (i. e., 37.5±0.3°C vs. 38.3±0.4°C, in NW vs. Competition, respectively). This effect was more pronounced with cold water (i. e., 36.7±1.1°C, in CW). No significant changes were noted in mean heart rate (i. e., 145±5, 143±4 and 141±5 bpm for NW, CW and Competition, respectively). Further studies are needed to explore the effect of this cooling method on the performances of international swimmers during tropical swimming events.

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Section: Competitionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Competitionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Imposed Cold-water Ingestion during Open Water Swimming in Internationally Ranked Swimmers

Hue¹,

Monjo²,

Riera³

2015

Int J Sports Med

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“…Hoffman and Stuempfle observed no advantage to sodium-enriched beverages during a 161-km ultramarathon performed by all levels of athletes in heat (38 C) [69]. This result may have been due to a variation in sodium intake from solid food and/or to a better tolerance of faster runners to hypohydration and hyperthermia [14,70].…”

Section: Hydration Policy and Implementationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Indeed, most high-level runners exhibit the greatest increase of internal temperature, probably due to higher thermogenesis consecutive to higher workloads. Faster trail runners (27 km) [70] and multi-stages trail runners (127 km on six days) [14] also present a greater post-race dehydration, which could be reduced by cold water due to its effect on voluntarily increasing water absorption during exercise. The higher temperature and greater dehydration observed in faster trail runners also seem to indicate that performance in heat is with the ingestion of neutral water (orange), cold water (blue) and ice-slurry (green).…”

Section: Cooling Policy and Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-endurance events in tropical environments and countermeasures to optimize performances and health

Hermand

Chabert

Hue

2019

International Journal of Hyperthermia

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Physical performance in a tropical environment, combining high heat and humidity, is a difficult physiological challenge that requires specific preparation. The elevated humidity of a tropical climate impairs the thermoregulatory mechanisms by limiting the rate of sweat evaporation. Hence, a proper management of whole-body temperature is required to complete an ultra-endurance event in such an environment. In these long-duration events, which can last from 8 to 20 h, held in hot and humid settings, performance is tightly linked to the ability in maintaining an optimal hydration status. Indeed, the rate of withdrawal in these longer races was associated with lower water intake, and the majority of finishers exhibited alterations in electrolyte balance (e.g., sodium). Hence, this work reviews the effects on performance of high heat and humidity in two representative ultra-endurance sports, ultramarathons and long-distance triathlons, and several countermeasures to counteract the impact of these harsh environmental stresses and maintain a high level of performance, such as hydration, cooling strategies and heat acclimation.

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“…We demonstrated earlier that tropical climate impaired aerobic performance in ecological conditions. We thus found it interesting to evaluate whether hot/humid conditions would be more stressful than hot/dry conditions on physiological functions [9,10], as compared with a control condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular Activity during Cycling Performance in Hot/Dry and Hot/Humid Conditions

Baillot

Hue

Tran³

et al. 2021

Life

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To determine the relationships between limiting factors and neuromuscular activity during a self-paced 20-km cycling time trial and evaluate the effect of environmental conditions on fatigue indices. Methods: Ten endurance-trained and heat-acclimated athletes performed in three conditions (ambient temperature, relative humidity): HUMID (30 °C, 90%), DRY (35 °C, 46%) and NEUTRAL (22 °C, 55%). Voluntary muscular contractions and electromagnetic stimulations were recorded before and after the time trials to assess fatigue. The data on performance, temperature, heat storage, electromyogram, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion data were analyzed. Results: Performance was impaired in DRY and HUMID compared with NEUTRAL environment (p < 0.05). The force developed by the vastus lateral muscle during stimulation of the femoral nerve remained unchanged across conditions. The percentage of integrated electromyogram activity, normalized by the value attained during the pre-trial maximal voluntary contraction, decreased significantly throughout the trial only in HUMID condition (p < 0.01). Neuromuscular activity in peripheral skeletal muscle started to fall from the 11th km in HUMID and the 15th km in DRY condition, although core temperature did not reach critical values. Conclusions: These alterations suggest that afferences from core/skin temperature regulate the central neural motor drive, reducing the active muscle recruited during prolonged exercise in the heat in order to prevent the system from hyperthermia.

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Fluid Replacement Strategy during a 27-Km Trail Run in Hot and Humid Conditions

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Imposed Cold-water Ingestion during Open Water Swimming in Internationally Ranked Swimmers

Imposed Cold-water Ingestion during Open Water Swimming in Internationally Ranked Swimmers

Ultra-endurance events in tropical environments and countermeasures to optimize performances and health

Neuromuscular Activity during Cycling Performance in Hot/Dry and Hot/Humid Conditions

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