Fluid–Structure Interaction Models of Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Dynamics in an Experimental Pulse Duplicator

Lee, Jae H; Rygg, Alex D.; Kolahdouz, Ebrahim M.; Rossi, Simone; Retta, Stephen M.; Duraiswamy, Nandini; Scotten, Lawrence N.; Craven, Brent A.; Griffith, Boyce E.

doi:10.1007/s10439-020-02466-4

Cited by 71 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…An extensively cited commercial in vitro test system [3,[5][6][7][8][9] was used with typical simulation conditions including pulse rate 70 cycles/min; pressures ca.120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury); and cardiac output 5 litres/min. Basic test methodology is depicted in Figure 1.…”

Section: A) Test Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Leonardo modified pulse duplicator originally adapted in 2011 with innovative features to measure PDVA from backlit valves remains in current use with improved spatial and temporal resolution capability (i.e., 0.001 centimeter 2 and 1 microsecond). Valves tested in this system were recently compared to numerical simulations for contemporary porcine tissue and bovine pericardial bioprosthetic heart-valves and also with data from a similar independent pulse duplicator with excellent conformity [3].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A visco-elastic impedance adapter (VIA) models bulk ventricular visco-elasticity to produce physiological isovolumetric functionality has been utilized in several previous studies [3,[6][7][8][9][10]. Jennings et al [13] in their use of the Leeds in vitro valve tester to study stentless porcine valves found VIA advantageous in ameliorating unphysiological left-ventricular pressure oscillations.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ventricular visco-elasticity associates with valve opening and closure dynamics, ventricular pressure rates (dp/dt), propensity for microbubbles, high intensity trancranial signals (HITS), cavitation, acoustic emissions, and vortex flow formations. Recently, Lee et al [3] characterized VIA as a three-element Windkessel and utilized in fluid-structure interaction models of bioprosthetic heart valve dynamics. These models were validated with an experimental pulse duplicator.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, computational methods employed to examine flow patterns, flow velocities, and pressures associated with contemporary mechanical and bioprosthetic valve function have generated extensive information on flow but as yet have not proposed a development pathway to eliminate thrombogenicity in the former and extend durability in the latter [e.g. [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Violin plot data: A concerto of crucial information on valve thrombogenicity categorized in vitro by valve motion and inferred flow velocity

Scotten

Blundon

Deutsch

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Objectives: We hypothesize that prosthetic valve thrombogenic potential may be inferred by valve regional flow velocity. This metric was used to compare two clinical valves and two experimental prototypes. Methods: Four our clinical and experimental prototype valve models were tested in aortic and mitral sites under pulsatile circulation in a pulse duplicator. An optical approach measuring projected dynamic valve area to gauge valve motion was implemented. Pulsatile pressures and flow rates were measured by conventional techniques and a quasi-steady flow tester was used to measure valve leakage. Regurgitant flow velocity was derived using time-dependent volumetric flow rate / projected dynamic valve area. Since flow velocity and fluid shear force are related through flow velocity gradient, thrombogenic potential for valves that achieve near closure during the forward flow deceleration phase were determined as regurgitant flow velocities relative to the control mechanical valve regurgitant flow velocity of -126 m/s. Analysis of the flow velocity data made use of Vioplot R* and VISIO software packages to provide split violin plots that represent probability of recurrence of data. Results: Thrombogenic potential was made dimensionless and ranged between -0.45 and +1.0. Negative thrombogenic potentials arise when transient rebound of valve occluder is accompanied by water-hammer phenomena. Positive thrombogenic potentials occur during decelerating forward flow. Bioprostheses had lowest thrombogenic potential transient of 0.15. A mock-transcatheter aortic valve replacement incorporating by design a trivial paravalvular leak (~1.35 ml/s) demonstrated a high transient thrombogenic potential of 0.95. Conclusions: Our data reveals distinct thrombogenic potential profile differences between valve models. If our study methods are verifiable, the design of future valves may utilize currently available experimental tools to produce advanced devices with significantly reduced thrombogenic potential.

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Section: A) Test Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Violin plot data: A concerto of crucial information on valve thrombogenicity categorized in vitro by valve motion and inferred flow velocity

Scotten

Blundon

Deutsch

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

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Generic framework for quantifying the influence of the mitral valve on ventricular blood flow

Thiel

Steinseifer

Neidlin

2023

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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Blood flow within the left ventricle provides important information regarding cardiac function in health and disease. The mitral valve strongly influences the formation of flow structures and there exist various approaches for the representation of the valve in numerical models of left ventricular blood flow. However, a systematic comparison of the various mitral valve models is missing, making a priori decisions considering the overall model's context of use impossible. Within this study, a benchmark setup to compare the influence of mitral valve modeling strategies on intraventricular flow features was developed. Then, five mitral valve models of increasing complexity: no modeling, static wall, 2D and 3D porous medium with time‐dependent porosity, and one‐way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) were compared with each other. The flow features velocity, kinetic energy, transmitral pressure drop, vortex formation, flow asymmetry as well as computational cost and ease‐of‐implementation were evaluated. The one‐way FSI approach provides the highest level of flow detail, which is accompanied by the highest numerical costs and challenges with the implementation. As an alternative, the porous medium approach with the expansion including time‐dependent porosity provides good results with up to 10% deviations in the flow features (except the transmitral pressure drop) in comparison to the FSI model and only a fraction (11%) of numerical costs. However, jet propagation speed is highly underestimated by all alternative approaches to the FSI model. Taken together, our benchmark setup allows a quantitative comparison of various mitral valve modeling approaches and is provided to the scientific community for further testing and expansion.

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A contact model based on the coefficient of restitution for simulations of bio‐prosthetic heart valves

Asadi

Borazjani

2023

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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A new general contact model is proposed for preventing inter‐leaflet penetration of bio‐prosthetic heart valves (BHV) at the end of the systole, which has the advantage of applying kinematic constraints directly and creating smooth free edges. At the end of each time step, the impenetrability constraints and momentum exchange between the impacting bodies are applied separately based on the coefficient of restitution. The contact method is implemented in a rotation‐free, large deformation, and thin shell finite‐element (FE) framework based on loop's subdivision surfaces. A nonlinear, anisotropic material model for a BHV is employed which uses Fung‐elastic constitutive laws for in‐plane and bending responses, respectively. The contact model is verified and validated against several benchmark problems. For a BHV‐specific validation, the computed strains on different regions of a BHV under constant pressure are compared with experimentally measured data. Finally, dynamic simulations of BHV under physiological pressure waveform are performed for symmetrical and asymmetrical fiber orientations incorporating the new contact model and compared with the penalty contact method. The proposed contact model provides the coaptation area of a functioning BHV during the closing phase for both of the fiber orientations. Our results show that fiber orientation affects the dynamic of leaflets during the opening and closing phases. A swirling motion for the BHV with asymmetrical fiber orientation is observed, similar to experimental data. To include the fluid effects, fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulation of the BHV is performed and compared to the dynamic results.

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Fluid–Structure Interaction Models of Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Dynamics in an Experimental Pulse Duplicator

Cited by 71 publications

References 65 publications

Violin plot data: A concerto of crucial information on valve thrombogenicity categorized in vitro by valve motion and inferred flow velocity

Violin plot data: A concerto of crucial information on valve thrombogenicity categorized in vitro by valve motion and inferred flow velocity

Generic framework for quantifying the influence of the mitral valve on ventricular blood flow

A contact model based on the coefficient of restitution for simulations of bio‐prosthetic heart valves

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