Fluid Supplementation in Hyperbilirubinemia

Abstract

Fluid supplementation for severe non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia is less likely to be successful in neonates born by cesarean/instrumental delivery as compared to normal vaginal delivery.

Electrochemical Capacitive K+ EMIS Chemical Sensor Based on the Dibromoaza[7]helicene as an Ionophore for Potassium Ions Detection

“…Hence,f or the helicene-K + complex,e lectrostatic interactionsc ontribute more to bindingt han polarization. Thec ation-p interaction arises from the electrostatic interaction of ac ation with the faces of the two terminalb enzene rings of helicene [24].T he modifiede lectrodeh as al ow response towards other tested ions in comparisont ot he response obtained for the K + ion. Here,a ll the other ions:M g 2 + , Ca 2 + ,C u 2 + ,N a + and Li + were not retained in the jaws of helicene molecule and this did not produce any interference to the K + -EMIS.T he high selectivity of the sensing method is due to the fact that the Aza [7]helicene shows high affinity for K + against many other metal ions.…”

“…Thes ynthesized macrocyclic ionophore dibromoaza [7]helicene cited in the text as compound 4 ( Fig. 1) was prepared as previously reported in our recent publication [15].T his compound can be used for applications in organic optoelectronic materials and also for sensing applicationsw hich act as an ionophore for metal ions [15,[24][25].…”

“…Therefore,m aintainingc onsistent levels of potassium in the blood and cells is vital to any bodily function. The concentration of K + ions in blood is between 3.8 and 5.4 mmol L À1 [8,9].F or this reason, potassium monitoring is very important in biological systems and in the medical field [10][11].T herefore,i ti se ssentialt om onitor and detect this ion at trace level with high sensitivity.In the literature,t herea re many exampleso fp otassium sensors thathave been developed,which are basedondifferent technologies,i ncluding: flamea tomic absorption spectrometry [12],i on chromatography [13],s urface Plasmon resonance [14],a nd electrochemical methods [15][16][17].T hese latter play an important role in the development of biosensors due to their fast response,h igh sensitivity,s imple instrumentation, low production cost,a nd portability.Anumber of chemical sensors basedo nt he field-effecti ns emiconductor structures such as ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) or electrolyte-membrane-insulator-semiconductor (EMIS) have been extensively studied in the last two decades for the detection of potassium ions.H owever, mosto ft hem are based on polymeric membranes doped with ligandsl ike valinomycin [18][19] or based on 1,3-(di-4-oxabutanol)-calix[4]ar-ene-crown-5 [22],o ra tt imest he sensing layers are fabricated by implanting K + and Al + ions into SiO 2 [23].U p until the presentd ay,t here have been numerous studies on the development of novel ionophores for the molecular recognition of this biologically important ionic guest.In the last few years, several theoretical studies have been carriedo ut usingd ensity functional theory (DFT) computationalm ethodst os tudyt he interaction between helicenes and atoms/ions [24][25].T he bindinge nergies in these cation-p complexesc omprise mainly of electrostatic, polarization and charge transfer contributions. All the obtainedr esults have shown that the complexes of helicene with lithium ions (Li + ), sodium ions (Na + ), and potassium ions (K + )e xpress large interaction energiest hat Abstract:AK + -sensitive capacitivee lectrolyte-membrane-insulator-semiconductor (EMIS)b ased on an ovel dibromoaza[7]helicene ionophore has been developed.…”

“…In the last few years, several theoretical studies have been carriedo ut usingd ensity functional theory (DFT) computationalm ethodst os tudyt he interaction between helicenes and atoms/ions [24][25].T he bindinge nergies in these cation-p complexesc omprise mainly of electrostatic, polarization and charge transfer contributions. All the obtainedr esults have shown that the complexes of helicene with lithium ions (Li + ), sodium ions (Na + ), and potassium ions (K + )e xpress large interaction energiest hat Abstract:AK + -sensitive capacitivee lectrolyte-membrane-insulator-semiconductor (EMIS)b ased on an ovel dibromoaza [7]helicene ionophore has been developed.…”

Effect of Pre-exchange Transfusion Albumin Infusion on Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

“…Furthermore, an important limitation might be a history of intravenous fluid supplementation in most study subjects before the intervention. Intravenous fluid supplementation could result in a faster drop in TSB levels due to its effects on volume expansion and glomerular filtration rate (31,32). The effect of intravenous fluid supplementation on bilirubin-albumin binding and the movement of bilirubin across capillaries remains unclear.…”