Fluid Transfer between Blood and Tissues during Exercise

Lundvall, J.; Mellander, Stefan; Westling, H.; White, Thomas E.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1972.tb05259.x

Cited by 152 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…One determinant of the magnitude of the exercise-induced increase in plasma viscosity and hematocrit in forearm venous blood is the extent to which extracellular fluid shifts produce hemoconcentration in nonexercising vascular systems (Lundvall et al, 1972;Mellanders et al, 1967). The current study suggests that the mechanism(s) responsible for maintaining fibrinogen level constant during and after exercise also serves to blunt the increase in plasma viscosity, which would otherwise occur as a consequence of hemoconcentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Effects of exercise on plasma viscosity in athletes and sedentary normal subjects

Letcher

Pickering

Chien

et al. 1981

Clinical Cardiology

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Summary:To assess the immediate and long-term effects of exercise on factors regulating blood flow, we measured plasma viscosity (qP) and plasma renin activity (PRA) in 17 trained runners and 16 sedentary healthy subjects before and 10 min after graded treadmill exercise. Resting vP was lower in runners primarily because of significantly lower fibrinogen concentration. Compared to nonrunners with similar 24-h urine electrolyte excretion rates, runners were characterized by lower PRA at rest. In view of the overall correlation between heart rate and PRA before exercise, reduced adrenergic tone was probably a major factor contributing to the lower PRA in runners. After exercise, plasma viscosity and PRA exceeded control levels, and were similar in magnitude in runners and sedentary subjects. Changes in plasma viscosity were less than expected from the degree of hemoconcentration, primarily because enhanced fibrinolysis maintained fibrinogen level constant. To the extent that plasma viscosity affects viscous flow resistance, the results suggest that tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery rate at rest are greater in trained runners than in sedentary subjects, but these variables become similar after maximum exertion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Effects of exercise on plasma viscosity in athletes and sedentary normal subjects

Letcher

Pickering

Chien

et al. 1981

Clinical Cardiology

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“…Despite a relatively high-intensity plantar flexion exercise, arterial hematocrit was left unchanged or only slightly increased by ϳ5-8%, and arterial lacate was elevated by Ͻ1 mmol (our own preliminary data). Therefore, increased oncotic pressure was not considered a dominant cause of dehydration of inactive muscles (13). Although with a large enough active muscle mass and high-intensity exercise, a decreased arterial plasma volume with increased colloid osmotic pressure and concentrations of ions and lactate may contribute to dehydration with an osmotic effect (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water exchange induced by unilateral exercise in active and inactive skeletal muscles

Nygren

Kaijser

2002

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Nygren, Anders T., and Lennart Kaijser. Water exchange induced by unilateral exercise in active and inactive skeletal muscles. J Appl Physiol 93: [1716][1717][1718][1719][1720][1721][1722] 2002. First published August 9, 2002; 10.1152/japplphysiol.01117. 2001.-Water exchange was evaluated in active (E-leg) and inactive skeletal muscles by using 1 H-magnetic resonance imaging. Six healthy subjects performed one-legged plantar flexion exercise at low and high workloads. Magnetic resonance imaging measured calf cross-sectional area (CSA), transverse relaxation time (T2), and apparent diffusion capacity (ADC) at rest and during recovery. After high workload, inactive muscle decreased CSA and T2 by 2.1% (P Ͻ 0.05) and 3.1% (P Ͻ 0.05), respectively, and left ADC unchanged. E-leg simultaneously increased CSA, T2, and ADC by 4.2% (P Ͻ 0.001), 15.5% (P Ͻ 0.05), and 12.5% (P Ͻ 0.001), respectively. In conclusion, ADC and T2 correlated highly with muscle volume, indicative of extravascular water displacement closely related to muscle activity and perfusion, which was presumably a combined effect of increased intracellular osmoles and hydrostatic forces as driving forces. A distinguishable muscle temperature release was initially detected in the E-leg after high workload, and the ensuing recovery of ADC and T2 indicated delayed interstitial restitution than restitution of the intracellular compartment. Furthermore, absorption of extravascular water was detected in inactive muscles at contralateral high-intensity exercise.diffusion; magnetic resonance imaging; tissue water; transverse relaxation time MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) can be applied on local skeletal muscle regions by analyzing variables pixel by pixel or within multiple local regions, including active as well as less active muscles (31). Therefore, simultaneous evaluation of water exchange in active and inactive muscles during dynamic exercise is valuable to elucidate the signal shift in muscle that is related to exercise and is beneficial to study how different MRI techniques that focus on water displacement relate.The physics of water exchange in the skeletal muscle is highly complex and multifactorial. The magnetic resonance signal has been shown to be multiexponential, which indicates a multicompartmental origin. 1 H-MRI using transverse relaxativity focuses on the intrinsic property of water and its exchange between the different compartments as well as the binding capacity of the water molecule to subcellular structures (11). Most present studies have used a monoexponential transverse relaxativity analysis, although a multiexponential behavior has been described (24). The monoexponential proton transverse relaxation time (T2) of skeletal muscle is known to increase by exercise (6,20). Increased intracellular water content (4, 18) and mechanisms related to aerobic capacity, e.g., net intramuscular accumulation of osmoles (22), are assumed to be the most important factors related to prolonged T2 with exercise. To what degree other factors such as H ϩ , p...

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“…The transport of fluid in the tissues and capillaries, transport of enzymes through blood brain barrier for Alzheimer's patient involves knowledge of the mass transfer of such physiological fluids. [44][45][46] Mass transport analysis in a porous rectangular microchannel has been analyzed by Mondal and De 43 for power law fluid. In the present work, an analytical expression for Sherwood number is obtained for a neutral solute in a porous microtube with a non-Newtonian fluid, having generalized power law behavior under combined electroosmotic and pressure driven flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of non-Newtonian power law rheology on mass transport of a neutral solute for electro-osmotic flow in a porous microtube

Mondal

2013

Biomicrofluidics

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Mass transport of a neutral solute for a power law fluid in a porous microtube under electro-osmotic flow regime is characterized in this study. Combined electroosmotic and pressure driven flow is conducted herein. An analytical solution of concentration profile within mass transfer boundary layer is derived from the first principle. The solute transport through the porous wall is also coupled with the electro-osmotic flow to predict the solute concentration in the permeate stream. The effects of non-Newtonian rheology and the operating conditions on the permeation rate and permeate solute concentration are analyzed in detail. Both cases of assisting (electro-osmotic and poiseulle flow are in same direction) and opposing flow (the individual flows are in opposite direction) cases are taken care of. Enhancement of Sherwood due to electro-osmotic flow for a non-porous conduit is also quantified. Effects if non-Newtonian rheology on Sherwood number enhancement are observed. V C 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

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Fluid Transfer between Blood and Tissues during Exercise

Abstract: LUNDVALL, J., S. MELLANDER, H. WESTLING and T. WHITE. Fluid transfer between blood and tissues during exercise. Acta physiol. scand. 1972. 85. 258-269.

Cited by 152 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of exercise on plasma viscosity in athletes and sedentary normal subjects

Effects of exercise on plasma viscosity in athletes and sedentary normal subjects

Water exchange induced by unilateral exercise in active and inactive skeletal muscles

Effects of non-Newtonian power law rheology on mass transport of a neutral solute for electro-osmotic flow in a porous microtube

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