Fluidics in Microwave Components

Entesari, Kamran; Saghati, Alireza Pourghorban

doi:10.1109/mmm.2016.2538513

Cited by 78 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 68 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Liquid antennas, such as antennas based on water, seawater, liquid metal, sorts of chemical solution, and so forth, are gaining more and more attention in recent years, owing to its instinctive characteristics, such as plasticity, transparency, low radar cross-section, and fluidity. [1][2][3] Based on the fluidity property, many reconfigurable antennas were studied and reported in the literatures, like frequency reconfigurable antennas, 4,5 radiation pattern reconfigurable antennas, [6][7][8] and polarization reconfigurable antennas. [9][10][11][12][13] Compared with the traditional reconfigurable antenna technology based on p-i-n diodes or varactors, 14,15 these liquid antennas can realize wider operating bandwidth and higher radiation efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual‐band circular‐polarization reconfigurable liquid dielectric resonator antenna

Liu

Zhang

2018

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A novel single‐fed dual‐band circular‐polarization (CP) reconfigurable liquid dielectric resonator antenna (LDRA) using 3D printing technology is proposed in this article. With the quasi‐TE111 and ‐TE113 modes of the rectangular LDRA excited, a dual‐band design is achieved. To realize the CP reconfigurability, a combined container, holding the fluidic dielectric (Ethyl acetate, ε r = 6.6), is fabricated by 3D printing technology. Therefore, the CP can be switched between two different states: (1) left hand CP (LHCP), when the right oblique container is full of the liquid solution; (2) right hand CP (RHCP), when the liquid solution is transferred into the left oblique one. Measured results demonstrate that the proposed antenna can achieve the CP reconfigurability in dual band, with the wide bandwidths (|S11| < −10 dB and AR < 3 dB) of 10.4% (1.55‐1.72 GHz) and 9.7% (2.29‐2.52 GHz), which cover GPS and WLAN bands.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual‐band circular‐polarization reconfigurable liquid dielectric resonator antenna

Liu

Zhang

2018

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One technology is 3D metal printing [13]. The other makes use of Galinstan to realize flexible electronics, tunable metamaterials and microfluidic devices [13,14,15]. Both would benefit highly from flow control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive and active electromagnetic stabilization of free-surface liquid metal flows

Mirhoseini¹,

Diaz-Pacheco²,

Volpe³

2017

MHD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Free-surface liquid metal flows tend to be uneven due to instabilities and other effects. Some applications, however, require constant, uniform liquid metal thickness. This is for example the case of liquid walls in nuclear fusion reactors. With this motivation, here we present experimental results on the stabilization of a free-surface flow of Galinstan. The flow was sustained by an electromagnetic induction pump featuring rotating permanent magnets. Evidence is reported of the flowing Galinstan layer becoming flatter in the presence of a sufficiently strong magnetic field, either alone (passive stabilization) or in combination with an electrical current passing through the liquid metal (active stabilization). The results are interpreted in terms of an effective viscosity and effective gravity, respectively.

show abstract

“…However, the semi-rigid copper foils may potentially suffer from irreversible deformation after certain bending cycles. Alternatively, liquid metals can be injected into microfluidic channels to fabricate highly flexible and mechanically stable antennas without compromising their electrical properties [4].In [5], a broader review of fluidics-based tuning methods for the development of microwave components was presented. Although, this included a review of antennas based on dielectric/conductive fluids, it primarily covered flexible and frequency-tunable antenna/arrays and lacked depth on polarization/pattern reconfigurability techniques.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, this included a review of antennas based on dielectric/conductive fluids, it primarily covered flexible and frequency-tunable antenna/arrays and lacked depth on polarization/pattern reconfigurability techniques. Additionally, discussion of recent advancements in state-of-the-art liquid metal applications was also missing in [5]. In [6], a mini review of flexible and stretchable antennas based on textile materials was discussed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Liquid Metal Antennas: Materials, Fabrication and Applications

Paracha

Butt

Alghamdi

et al. 2019

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work reviews design aspects of liquid metal antennas and their corresponding applications. In the age of modern wireless communication technologies, adaptability and versatility have become highly attractive features of any communication device. Compared to traditional conductors like copper, the flow property and lack of elasticity limit of conductive fluids, makes them an ideal alternative for applications demanding mechanically flexible antennas. These fluidic properties also allow innovative antenna fabrication techniques like 3D printing, injecting, or spraying the conductive fluid on rigid/flexible substrates. Such fluids can also be easily manipulated to implement reconfigurability in liquid antennas using methods like micro pumping or electrochemically controlled capillary action as compared to traditional approaches like high-frequency switching. In this work, we discuss attributes of widely used conductive fluids, their novel patterning/fabrication techniques, and their corresponding state-of-the-art applications.Most of the conventional antennas are fabricated by etching the copper cladding on the rigid substrates to form static conductor shapes. Such antennas are highly efficient but suffer from irreversible structure deformation and even damage when being bent or stretched beyond certain limits [3]. As alternatives, several types of copper-coated polymer substrates such as Kapton, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) films have been investigated to accommodate the need in flexible applications such as antennas. Similar to conventional substrates, the electrical properties of these substrates also degrade after severe bending/stretching, which in turn reduces antenna efficiency. Another option is polymer-based materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which has been typically used in combination with copper foils to realize highly flexible antennas. However, the semi-rigid copper foils may potentially suffer from irreversible deformation after certain bending cycles. Alternatively, liquid metals can be injected into microfluidic channels to fabricate highly flexible and mechanically stable antennas without compromising their electrical properties [4].In [5], a broader review of fluidics-based tuning methods for the development of microwave components was presented. Although, this included a review of antennas based on dielectric/conductive fluids, it primarily covered flexible and frequency-tunable antenna/arrays and lacked depth on polarization/pattern reconfigurability techniques. Additionally, discussion of recent advancements in state-of-the-art liquid metal applications was also missing in [5]. In [6], a mini review of flexible and stretchable antennas based on textile materials was discussed. Here, the focus was on the benefits of conductive filler-based elastomers used in antennas for bio-integrated electronics applications and the trade-off between antenna stretchability and its performance. However, a detailed review of materials, novel fabrication te...

show abstract

Fluidics in Microwave Components

Cited by 78 publications

References 68 publications

Dual‐band circular‐polarization reconfigurable liquid dielectric resonator antenna

Dual‐band circular‐polarization reconfigurable liquid dielectric resonator antenna

Passive and active electromagnetic stabilization of free-surface liquid metal flows

Liquid Metal Antennas: Materials, Fabrication and Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About