Fluidity-Guided Assembly of Au@Pt on Liposomes as a Catalase-Powered Nanomotor for Effective Cell Uptake in Cancer Cells and Plant Leaves

Abstract

The fluidity of the liposomes is essential to nanoparticle−membrane interactions. We herein report a liposomal nanomotor system by controlling the self-assembly behavior of gold core−platinum shell nanoparticles (Au@Pt) on liposomes. Au@Pt can aggregate immediately on fluid-phase dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) liposomes, forming an uneven distribution. By control of the lipid phase and fluidity, either using pure 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) above its phase transition temperature or adding cholesterol as an adjuvant to DPPC lipids, we precisely control the assembly of Au@Pt on liposomes. Au@Pt maintained high catalase-like activity on the liposomal surface, promoting the decomposition of H 2 O 2 and the movement of the liposomal nanomotors. Finally, we demonstrate that liposomal nanomotors are biocompatible and they can speed up the cellular uptake in mammalian HepG2 cancer cells and Nicotiana tabacum (Nb) plant leaves. This liposomal nanomotor system is expected to be further investigated in biomedicine and plant nanotechnology.

Enzyme-Free Liposome Active Motion via Asymmetrical Lipid Efflux

“…22 Working with enzyme-coated liposomes with diameter on the order of 100 nm, researchers at Penn State have recently demonstrated enhanced (up to 25%) diffusion 23 as well as positive/negative chemotaxis 24 of liposomes in the presence of enzyme substrates. Decorating liposomes with catalytic Pt nanoparticles, Wang and co-workers demonstrated very recently a H 2 O 2 -responsive liposome nanomotor with high mobility and cell uptake rate, 25 in which clustering of nanoparticles on fluid lipid bilayers was utilized to achieve local reactivity and hence particle propulsion. As functional auxiliaries, liposomes have also been incorporated into artificial micromotor systems recently.…”

Enzyodynamic therapy at nanoscale

“…Au@Pt Catalase HepG2 cells [28] MnO 2 @PtCo Oxidase 4T1 cells [29] Catalase Fe 3 O 4 Peroxidase Hela cells [30] Fe 3 O 4 @C Peroxidase PC-3 cells [31] BON Peroxidase 4T1 cells [32] FTn-Ner-Pt-POD Peroxidase HT29 cells [33] FeN 3 P Peroxidase HepG2 cells [34] LaFeO 3 Peroxidase 4T1 cells [1] Oxidase Catalase Glutathione peroxidase…”

“…Similarly, the superb CATmimicking catalytic efficiency for the oxidation of H 2 O 2 and the production of O 2 was demonstrated for platinumcontaining nanoparticles. 91,92 Wang et al 28 investigated a liposomal nanomotor system by precisely controlling the assembly of gold core-platinum shell nanoparticles (Au@Pt) on liposomes (Figure 2A). Au@Pt could maintain the apparent CAT-like property on the liposomal surface, thereby promoting the decomposition of H 2 O 2 and the movement of the liposomal nanomotors for effective cellular uptake in HepG2 cancer cells and Nb plant leaves (Figure 2B,C).…”

“…(B) LCSM images of Rh‐labeled DOPC and LipNMDOPC (w/or w/o H 2 O 2 ) uptake by HepG2 cells. (C) CLSM images of Nb leaf cells postinfiltrated with LipNMDOPC, LipNMDOPC (<Tc or >Tc), and LipNM10%Chol before and after wound treatment (Copyright Permission from Wang et al, 28 American Chemical Society).…”

Review of bubble and magnetically driven catalytic micro/nanomotors: Fabrication and characterization

“…In the past years, researchers in different disciplines used two methods, top-down and bottom-up, to fabricate and develop MNMs. Fabrication techniques consist of physical vapor deposition (conventional physical vapor deposition or glancing angle deposition) [8,9], electrochemical deposition (bipolar or template-assisted) [10], assembly [11], lithography [12], and others.…”