“…Thus, development of pretreatment methods that increase the material digestibility for the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis becomes a focus in this research field. Hence, a myriad of different pretreatment methods have been reported to remove lignin and hemicellulose, reduce cellulose crystallinity, and change chemical groups, for instance, milling, 1,2 dilute acid, 3 steam explosion, 4 liquid hot water, dilute lye, wet oxidation, and ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX), and so on. 5−7 A microwave-assisted dilute lye (MAL) pretreatment that can effectively improve the enzymatic saccharification of rice straw has been studied, 8,9 and the pretreatment conditions were optimized by response surface methodology and a Box− Benhnken Design.…”