Fluidized bed waste incinerators: Design, operational and environmental issues

Caneghem, Jo Van; Brems, Anke; Lievens, P.; Block, Chantal; Billen, Pieter; Vermeulen, Isabel; Dewil, Raf; Baeyens, Jan; Vandecasteele, Carlo

doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2012.03.001

Cited by 185 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(286 reference statements)

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“…FA2 contains more non-metallic elements such as S, Cl; however, FA6 contains more metallic elements such as Al, Mg, and Fe. Among the mineral compositions, CaO is usually used as the additive for SO x removal in the incineration system (Bodénan and Deniard, 2003), and the addition of SiO 2 used as bed material in FBI (Saxena and Jotshi, 1994;van Caneghem et al, 2012) weakens the pore structure of the fly ash surface. The smaller particle, more crushed surface, and less micropores of FA2 are as shown in Fig.…”

Section: 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

生活垃圾焚烧残灰中有毒成分的排放特性

Ren

et al. 2015

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A

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Abstract:In this study, eight fly ash samples and three bottom ash samples from different areas are collected for analysis of their physicochemical properties and emission content of dioxin precursors and metals. Their surface characteristics, their effects on dioxin precursors, and important aspects of the compositions of residual ash (fly ash and bottom ash) are investigated. Poly-chlorobenzenes (PCBzs) in the fly ash of a fluidized bed incinerator (FBI) are 7.35 to 357.94 µg/kg, and in that of a fire grate incinerator (FGI) are 6.74 to 96.52 µg/kg. The concentrations in bottom ash are the same (i.e., 2.23 to 2.99 µg/kg) regardless of the furnace type. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in FGI fly ash samples (0.293 to 1.783 mg/kg) are less than these in samples from FBIs (1.820 to 38.012 mg/kg). Low boiling point PAHs (mainly 2-and 3-ringed PAHs) and high boiling point PCBzs (mainly H x CB and P e CBz) are the major constituents of residual ash. Different distributions of PCBzs and PAHs are mainly dictated by the incineration characteristics of FBI and FGI. Al and Fe, as non-toxic "light metals" are the major constituents of the residual ash, and Ni and Zn as non-toxic heavy metals play important roles in the total heavy metal. Cu, Pb, and Cr are the three major toxic heavy metals. The correlation of the metals and the dioxin precursors is discussed and distinguished.

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Section: 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

生活垃圾焚烧残灰中有毒成分的排放特性

Ren

et al. 2015

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A

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“…Since the treatments of co-contaminated soils are limited, it is widely agreed that multiple costly techniques are required (Khan et al 2004). A number of investigations have shown that thermal treatment (thermal desorption, incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, and vitrification) is one of the effective processes for complex substances remediation (González-Corrochano et al 2012;Qi et al 2014;Qin et al 2015;Taube et al 2008;Van Caneghem et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of co-contaminated soil mixtures as fixed/fluidized bed media on pollutants emission under thermal treatment

Samaksaman

Kuo

Peng

et al. 2015

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Thermal treatment of soil polluted by lube oil and heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, and lead) was carried out by using a laboratory-scale incinerator. The effect of co-contaminated soil mixtures as fixed/fluidized bed media was studied with different ratios of sand bed amount to soil feeding. Additionally, the effect of soil moisture content on incineration system was further investigated. The reduction in air input altered the mode of fluidized bed to fixed bed which resulted in an increase in organic pollutants such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The combustion efficiency of fixed bed mode was observed to be relatively high at a lower ratio of sand bed amount to soil feeding, whereas high combustion efficiency was found in fluidized bed mode at a higher ratio of sand bed amount to soil feeding. Much higher concentration of organic pollutants in both gas phase and bottom ash is found under a higher soil moisture content. In addition, the increase in moisture content has resulted in an increase in lead, cadmium, and chromium in fly ash while copper was decreased. An important consideration is that the partitioning of heavy metals was randomly distributed in particle sizes of bottom ash. The highest concentration of heavy metals was deposited on fine-sized particle. The distribution of heavy metals in medium-sized and coarse-sized particles to form eutectic species might be produced by the soil-sand aggregation.

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“…ZIEGLO have studied the heat transfer performance of liquid-solid two-phase flow and three-phase fluidized bed, assuming the liquid content is constant in the three-phase flow and two-phase flow systems by setting the example of glass particle and column Y-particle. Then the three-phase flow and two-phase flow heat transfer coefficient should be expressed by thermal resistance of fluidized bed [20][21][22][23][24]. The result is that the three-phase fluidized bed heat transfer coefficient and the corresponding liquid-solid two-phase fluidized bed heat transfer coefficient can be obtained by the following correlation formula: …”

Section: Three-phase Flow Heat Transfer Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Hydrodynamic Performance and Heat Transfer Mechanism of Vapor-liquid-solid Three-Phase Fluidized Bed

Guo¹,

Qi²,

Zheng³

et al. 2016

IJHT

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In consideration of the characteristics of vapor-liquid-solid three-phase fluidized bed, this evaporator is applied in the liquid food-green tea extraction liquid concentration/evaporation process in this paper. The inert particles fluidized bed evaporation experiment device is designed and built combined with the characteristics of food material concentration. In this experiment, the heat transfer mechanism and hydrodynamic performance of inert particles fluidized bed evaporator during extraction of concentrated green tea are studied, and the impact of various experimental operation parameters on the evaporation and heat transfer performance as well as pressure dropping is analyzed. Moreover, the dimensionless analysis method is used to establish a correlation formula between the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop dimensionless number of inert particle fluidized bed evaporator according to the characteristics of inert particles fluidized bed. In addition, the fouling prevention and descaling property and hydrodynamic performance of inert particle fluidized bed evaporator are studied, providing practical significance for industrial production.

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Fluidized bed waste incinerators: Design, operational and environmental issues

Abstract: The paper starts by reviewing the increasing production of waste and the growing importance of its thermal treatment, which aims at volume reduction of the waste, at the destruction, capture, and concentration of hazardous substances, and at the recovery of energy (WtE).

Cited by 185 publications

References 145 publications

生活垃圾焚烧残灰中有毒成分的排放特性

生活垃圾焚烧残灰中有毒成分的排放特性

Effect of co-contaminated soil mixtures as fixed/fluidized bed media on pollutants emission under thermal treatment

Experimental Study on Hydrodynamic Performance and Heat Transfer Mechanism of Vapor-liquid-solid Three-Phase Fluidized Bed

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