Fluorescein Angiography

Retinal vasculitis severity assessment: intra- and inter-observer reliability of a new scheme for grading wide-field fluorescein angiograms in retinal vasculitis

“…Retinal vascular leakage or “leakage” was defined as progressive hyperfluorescence coming from retinal vessels, either segments or full lengths of vessels. 13 , 17 Leakage is usually evident early in the fluorescein imaging and progresses to cover a larger area around vessels in later shots. Staining, defined as vessel wall hyperfluorescence evident from mid-run onward without expansion, 17 was not included because it is deemed not indicative of active disease.…”

“… 13 , 17 Leakage is usually evident early in the fluorescein imaging and progresses to cover a larger area around vessels in later shots. Staining, defined as vessel wall hyperfluorescence evident from mid-run onward without expansion, 17 was not included because it is deemed not indicative of active disease. It did not include leakage at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium, which forms the outer blood–retinal barrier, leakage from optic disk, new vessels, or hyperfluorescence due to fluid-filled cysts in macular edema alone.…”

Observation of the far peripheral retina of normal eyes by ultra-wide field fluorescein angiography

“…UWFA images were obtained during the early (10–30 s) and late (10 min) phases of the angiography. 10 The UWFA system was steered superiorly, inferiorly, temporally, and nasally to allow clear visualization of far peripheral retina. The far peripheral retina was defined as the retinal area anterior to the ampulla of the vortex veins and posterior to the ora serrata.…”

Effect of calcination temperature induced structural modifications on the photocatalytic efficacy of Fe2O3–ZrO2 nanostructures: mechanochemical synthesis

“…The toxicity of fluorescein presents a significant danger, often resulting in anaphylaxis marked by symptoms such as hypotension, tachycardia, bronchospasm, hives, and itching. 5…”