Fluorescence emission spectra of plant leaves and plant constituents

Lang, Michael; Stober, F.; Lichtenthaler, Hartmut K.

doi:10.1007/bf01210517

Cited by 212 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This red and far-red fluorescence consists of low-intensity light as compared to the higher level of incident light reflected from the leaves in this spectral region (Buschmann et al 1994;Buschmann and Lichtenthaler 1999;Smorenburg et al 2002;Zarco-Tejada et al 2000). Besides the red Chl fluorescence, there also exists a blue-green fluorescence emitted from the cinnamic acids covalently bound to the cell walls (mainly ferulic acid, Lichtenthaler and Schweiger 1998), which can be detected on leaves when exciting in the UV (Cerovic et al 1999;Chapelle et al 1984;Goodwin 1953;Lang et al 1991;Lichtenthaler et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Variability and application of the chlorophyll fluorescence emission ratio red/far-red of leaves

2007

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Various approaches to understand and make use of the variable chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence emission spectrum and fluorescence ratio are reviewed. The Chl fluorescence of leaves consists of two maxima in the red (near 685-690 nm), and far-red region (near 730-740 nm). The intensity and shape of the Chl fluorescence emission spectrum of leaves at room temperature are primarily dependent on the concentration of the fluorophore Chl a, and to a lower degree also on the leaf structure, the photosynthetic activity, and the leaf's optical properties. The latter determine the penetration of excitation light into the leaf as well as the emission of Chl fluorescence from different depths of the leaf. Due to the re-absorption mainly of the red Chl fluorescence band emitted inside the leaf, the ratio between the red and the far-red Chl fluorescence maxima (near 690 and 730-740 nm, respectively), e.g., as F690/F735, decreases with increasing Chl content in a curvilinear relationship and is a good inverse indicator of the Chl content of the leaf tissue, e.g., before and after stress events. The Chl fluorescence ratio of leaves can be applied for Chl determinations in basic photosynthesis research, agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. It can be used to assess changes of the photosynthetic apparatus, developmental processes of leaves, state of health, stress events, stress tolerance, and also to detect diseases or N-deficiency of plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Variability and application of the chlorophyll fluorescence emission ratio red/far-red of leaves

2007

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“…The analysis of fluorescent spectra of polymeric molecules such as lignin is complex, since they may contain different fluorophores. Therefore, different model compounds are used in order to reveal spectroscopic properties of lignin [10][11][12][13]. Further, by using fluorescence spectroscopy and appropriate mathematical methods for deconvolution of emission spectra into individual components, it is possible to get better insight into the structural characteristics of the molecule, namely to estimate the number and nature of fluorophores [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Differences Between Lignin Model Polymers Synthesized from Various Monomers

Djikanović¹,

Simonović²,

Savić³

et al. 2012

J Polym Environ

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In a plant cell wall, lignin is synthesized from several monomeric precursors, combined in various ratios. The variation in monomer type and quantity enables multifunctional role of lignin in plants. Thus, it is important to know how different combinations of lignin monomers impact variability of bond types and local structural changes in the polymer. Lignin model polymers are a good model system for studies of relation between variations of the starting monomers and structural variations within the polymer. We synthesized lignin model polymers from three monomers, CF-based on coniferyl alcohol and ferulic acid in monomer proportions 5:1 and 10:1 (w/w), CPbased on coniferyl alcohol and p-coumaric acid in proportion 10:1 (w/w) and CA-based on pure coniferyl alcohol. We studied structural modifications in the obtained polymers, by combining fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy, in parallel with determination of polymers' molecular mass distribution. The differences in the low M w region of the distribution curves of the 10:1 polymers in comparison with the CA polymer may be connected with the increased content of C=C bonds and decreased content of condensed structures, as observed in FT-IR spectra and indicated by the analysis of fluorescence spectra. The 5:1 CF polymer contains a different type of structure in comparison with the 10:1 CF polymers, reflected in its simpler M w distribution, higher homogeneity of the fluorescence emitting structures and in the appearance of a new high-wavelength emission component. We propose that this component may originate from p-conjugated chains, which are longer in this polymer. The results are a contribution to the understanding of the involvement of structural variations of lignin polymers in the cell wall structural plasticity.

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“…The introduction of nitrogen lasers (which emit UV light) to excite fluorescence in leaves has drawn attention to the blue fluorescence emitted by leaves (Chappelle et al 1984, Kim and Brown 1986, Goulas et al 1990, Chappelle et al 1991, Lang et al 1991). The contribution of N A D P H fluorescence to the blue signal in leaves was estimated to be insignificant (Lang et al 1991), minor (Goulas et al 1990) or even major (Chappelle et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contribution of N A D P H fluorescence to the blue signal in leaves was estimated to be insignificant (Lang et al 1991), minor (Goulas et al 1990) or even major (Chappelle et al 1991). In order to avoid the complexity of intact leaves related to the presence of several pools of pyridine nucleotides and other fluorescing compounds, we decided to compare the fluorescence at different levels of leaf organization: isolated thylakoids, intact isolated chloroplasts and leaves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous measurement of changes in red and blue fluorescence in illuminated isolated chloroplasts and leaf pieces: The contribution of NADPH to the blue fluorescence signal

et al. 1993

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A newly developed nitrogen laser fluorimeter insensitive to actinic illumination was used to follow simultaneously the light induced changes in red and blue fluorescence of intact isolated spinach chloroplasts and leaf pieces. The recorded variable blue fluorescence was linked to a water soluble component of intact isolated chloroplasts, depended on Photosystem I, and was related to changes in carbon metabolism. From the comparison of changes in intact and broken chloroplasts and from fluorescence spectra under different conditions, it was concluded that the variation in NADPH was the major cause for the changes in blue fluorescence. This study opens a path towards continuous and non-destructive monitoring of NADPH redox state in chloroplasts and leaves.

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Fluorescence emission spectra of plant leaves and plant constituents

Cited by 212 publications

References 17 publications

Variability and application of the chlorophyll fluorescence emission ratio red/far-red of leaves

Variability and application of the chlorophyll fluorescence emission ratio red/far-red of leaves

Structural Differences Between Lignin Model Polymers Synthesized from Various Monomers

Simultaneous measurement of changes in red and blue fluorescence in illuminated isolated chloroplasts and leaf pieces: The contribution of NADPH to the blue fluorescence signal

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