Fluorescence from atmospheric aerosol detected by a lidar indicates biogenic particles in the lowermost stratosphere

Immler, Franz; Engelbart, D.; Schrems, Otto

doi:10.5194/acp-5-345-2005

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…(Solberg et al, 2008), and surface aerosol characterization, e.g. (Immler et al, 2005;Pace et al, 2005). These papers suggest a potential impact of Portuguese forest fires over northern Europe.…”

Section: Biomass Burning Co Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Air pollution during the 2003 European heat wave as seen by MOZAIC airliners

et al. 2008

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In addition, Lagrangian model simulations in backward mode indicate the suppressed long-range transport in the mid-to lower troposphere and the enhanced southern origin of air masses for all tropospheric levels during the heat wave. Ozone and carbon monoxide also present strong anomalies (both ∼+40 ppbv) during the heat wave, with a maximum vertical extension reaching 6 km altitude around 11 August 2003. Pollution in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is enhanced during the day, with ozone mixing ratios two times higher than climatological values. This is due to a combination of factors, such as high temperature and radiation, stagnation of air masses and weak dry deposition, which favour the accumulation of ozone precursors and the build-up of ozone. A negligible role of a stratospheric-origin ozone tracer has been found for the lower troposphere in this study. From 29 July to 15 August 2003 forest fires burnt around 0.3×10 6 ha in Portugal and added to atmospheric pollution in Europe. Layers with enhanced CO and NO y mixing ratios, advected from Portugal, were crossed by the MOZAIC aircraft in the free troposphere over Frankfurt. A series of forward and backward Lagrangian model simulations have been performed to investigate the origin of anomalies durCorrespondence to: M. Tressol

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Section: Biomass Burning Co Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Air pollution during the 2003 European heat wave as seen by MOZAIC airliners

et al. 2008

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“…Eventually, the whole concept of "light-absorbing carbon", and the analytical methods used, need to be carefully reconsidered and "standardized" to provide reliable input for atmospheric models and legislative measures. Novel measurement techniques, such as the use of fluorescence lidar (Immler et al, 2005), spectral absorption measurements (Kirchstetter et al, 2004), and Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) (Kramer et al, 2004), will have to be applied to determine the concentrations, distribution and properties of C brown . The development and widespread use of standard reference materials, such as RM 8785 (Air Particulate Matter on Filter Media) (Klouda et al, 2005) is encouraged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols

Andreae

Gelencsér²

2006

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

1,791

1,033

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Abstract. Although the definition and measurement techniques for atmospheric "black carbon" ("BC") or "elemental carbon'' ("EC") have long been subjects of scientific controversy, the recent discovery of light-absorbing carbon that is not black ("brown carbon, Cbrown") makes it imperative to reassess and redefine the components that make up light-absorbing carbonaceous matter (LAC) in the atmosphere. Evidence for the atmospheric presence of Cbrown comes from (1) spectral aerosol light absorption measurements near specific combustion sources, (2) observations of spectral properties of water extracts of continental aerosol, (3) laboratory studies indicating the formation of light-absorbing organic matter in the atmosphere, and (4) indirectly from the chemical analogy of aerosol species to colored natural humic substances. We show that brown carbon may severely bias measurements of "BC" and "EC" over vast parts of the troposphere, especially those strongly polluted by biomass burning, where the mass concentration of Cbrown is high relative to that of soot carbon. Chemical measurements to determine "EC" are biased by the refractory nature of Cbrown as well as by complex matrix interferences. Optical measurements of "BC" suffer from a number of problems: (1) many of the presently used instruments introduce a substantial bias into the determination of aerosol light absorption, (2) there is no unique conversion factor between light absorption and "EC" or "BC" concentration in ambient aerosols, and (3) the difference in spectral properties between the different types of LAC, as well as the chemical complexity of Cbrown, lead to several conceptual as well as practical complications. We also suggest that due to the sharply increasing absorption of Cbrown towards the UV, single-wavelength light absorption measurements may not be adequate for the assessment of absorption of solar radiation in the troposphere. We discuss the possible consequences of these effects for our understanding of tropospheric processes, including their influence on UV-irradiance, atmospheric photochemistry and radiative transfer in clouds.

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“…Simard et al, 2004;Glennon et al, 2009). The detection of fluorescent ambient aerosol was reported for the first time using a LIDAR system (Immler et al, 2005), attributing the signals to a combination of PAH-containing particles and/or PBAP. Furthermore, it was shown (Sassen, 2008) that pollen can generate strong laser depolarisation in LIDAR backscatter during Alaskan springtime measurements and suggested that pollen plumes may be mistaken for upper cirrus clouds and therefore introduce important errors into identifying aerosols in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Light Detection and Ranging (Lidar) And Remote Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review

Després¹,

Huffman

Burrows³

et al. 2012

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

1,193

1,114

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A B S T R A C T Atmospheric aerosol particles of biological origin are a very diverse group of biological materials and structures, including microorganisms, dispersal units, fragments and excretions of biological organisms. In recent years, the impact of biological aerosol particles on atmospheric processes has been studied with increasing intensity, and a wealth of new information and insights has been gained. This review outlines the current knowledge on major categories of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP): bacteria and archaea, fungal spores and fragments, pollen, viruses, algae and cyanobacteria, biological crusts and lichens and others like plant or animal fragments and detritus. We give an overview of sampling methods and physical, chemical and biological techniques for PBAP analysis (cultivation, microscopy, DNA/RNA analysis, chemical tracers, optical and mass spectrometry, etc.). Moreover, we address and summarise the current understanding and open questions concerning the influence of PBAP on the atmosphere and climate, i.e. their optical properties and their ability to act as ice nuclei (IN) or cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). We suggest that the following research activities should be pursued in future studies of atmospheric biological aerosol particles: (1) develop efficient and reliable analytical techniques for the identification and quantification of PBAP; (2) apply advanced and standardised techniques to determine the abundance and diversity of PBAP and their seasonal variation at regional and global scales (atmospheric biogeography); (3) determine the emission rates, optical properties, IN and CCN activity of PBAP in field measurements and laboratory experiments; (4) use field and laboratory data to constrain numerical models of atmospheric transport, transformation and climate effects of PBAP.

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Fluorescence from atmospheric aerosol detected by a lidar indicates biogenic particles in the lowermost stratosphere

Cited by 47 publications

References 31 publications

Air pollution during the 2003 European heat wave as seen by MOZAIC airliners

Air pollution during the 2003 European heat wave as seen by MOZAIC airliners

Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols

Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review

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