Fluorescence from pilosebaceous follicles

Johnsson, Anders; Kjeldstad, Berit; Melø, Thor Bernt

doi:10.1007/bf00413256

Cited by 71 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…13) P. acnes are normal inhabitants of human skin, and excrete porphyrins on the skin surface with sebaceous lipid secretion. 40,41) Our previous report showed that P. acnes-derived coproporphyrin produced singlet oxygen under UVA excitation. 13) This finding suggested that skin was always at risk of damage from singlet oxygen generated by daily UV exposure, and that skin surface lipid was the first target of singlet oxygen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Squalene as a Target Molecule in Skin Hyperpigmentation Caused by Singlet Oxygen

Ryu

Arakane

Koide

et al. 2009

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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It has been postulated that reactive oxygen species generated by UV irradiation contribute to photo-induced skin damage, such as lipid peroxidation, sunburn reaction, phototoxicity, photoallergy, and photo-aging. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] However, the mechanistic details remain unclear. Among various reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen, a highly reactive and toxic intermediate with specific reactivity, appears to play an important role because it mediates photosensitized reactions. 9,10) We previously constructed a very sensitive near-infrared emission spectrometer with a germanium (Ge)-detector as a reliable means of singlet oxygen detection. [11][12][13] We used this device to show that coproporphyrin from Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) generated singlet oxygen on the surface of healthy skin under UV exposure by detecting the emission at 1268 nm due to singlet oxygen. 13) Patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria, caused by accumulation of protoporphyrin in the skin, are known to suffer severe skin damage during sunlight exposure.14,15) Our data suggested that damage might also occur in healthy skin. In addition, UVA-induced singlet oxygen generation has been shown to induce lipid peroxidation and gene expression. [16][17][18][19] Minami et al. reported that singlet oxygen was involved in UVA-induced oxidation of oleic acid and linoleic acid in mouse skin. However, singlet oxygen generated from coproporphyrin on the human skin surface should immediately attack skin surface lipids, which are mainly derived from sebaceous gland lipids such as triacylglycerol, free fatty acid, wax, squalene and cholesterol. 16,20) Because squalene was hardly oxidized in vitro under UV irradiation alone, a contribution of a factor producing singlet oxygen to squalene peroxidation in the skin was suggested. 21) Thus, there have been several investigations of singlet oxygen and endogenous photosensitizers in the skin under physiological conditions. [22][23][24] Lipid peroxide induces further reactions and is associated with the pathology of acne, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and pigmentation. 25,26) However, the precise involvement of lipid peroxide in these pathologies has not been well investigated.Here, we first examined the reactivity of squalene with singlet oxygen directly by detection of singlet oxygen emission at 1268 nm and clarified the contribution of coproporphyrin as a photosensitizer to squalene peroxide formation under UV exposure. Then we demonstrated that squalene peroxide participates in UVA-induced skin hyperpigmentation. Cell Culture Human epidermal melanocytes were cultured in the MEDIUM 254 supplemented with the human melanocyte growth supplement (HMGS) at 37°C in 5% CO 2 /95% air condition. Human epidermal keratinocytes were cultured in the HuMedia-KG2 with 0.03 mM CaCl 2 , and hydrocortisone was removed from media 72 h before treatments. Cells and media were from Kurabo Industries Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). MATERIALS AND METHODS MaterialsAnimals Five-week-old female A-1 strain brownish guinea pigs were pur...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Squalene as a Target Molecule in Skin Hyperpigmentation Caused by Singlet Oxygen

Ryu

Arakane

Koide

et al. 2009

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…However, different opinions have also been published [22,23]. A recent study reported that UVRF correlated with sebum levels in Nigerian acne patients [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Human Sebum the Source of Skin Follicular Ultraviolet-Induced Red Fluorescence? A Cellular to Histological Study

Yan

Liu

et al. 2018

Dermatology

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Background: The ultraviolet-induced red fluorescence (UVRF) from human skin follicles was suggested to be a result of Propionibacterium acnes and was used for the monitoring of acne. More recent studies suggested that the UVRF may be more related to sebum rather than to microorganisms. Objective: To clarify whether human sebum or follicular microorganisms are the source of UVRF. Methods: We examined the fluorescence of human-derived SZ95 sebocytes, human sebaceous glands, sebum extracted from the sebaceous glands, and bacteria isolated from human hair follicles under ultraviolet light. Results: SZ95 sebocytes, human sebaceous glands, and sebum do not emit UVRF. Two types of UVRF peaking at about 635 nm and at about 620 nm were detected in P. acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. This is the first report that S. epidermidis emits UVRF when it is anaerobically cultured and then exposed to air. Conclusion: Human follicular UVRF is emitted by resident bacteria, not by sebum. Therefore, UVRF may be used to monitor certain species of skin microorganisms.

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“…Oxidative stress stimulates the production of a known inhibitor of hair follicles, tumor growth factor-β, in DPC cells, which induces the onset of androgenic alopecia (24). Our previous studies demonstrated that troxerutin has a photoprotective effect against UV radiation on dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes (6,7), and several clinical and theoretical reports have revealed that UV radiation has negative effects on hair growth through the induction of oxidative stress, acute telogen effluvium and follicular micro-inflammation in follicular stem cells (31)(32)(33). Therefore, countering oxidative stress can be considered an important strategy to overcome stress-or androgen-dependent alopecia, and the results of the present study confirmed that troxerutin inhibited oxidative stress-induced cellular damage in the DPC cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of changes in microRNA expression profiles in response to the troxerutin-mediated antioxidant effect in human dermal papilla cells

Lee¹

2016

Clin Exp Dermatol Res

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Abstract. Dermal papilla (DP) cells function as important regulators of the hair growth cycle. The loss of these cells is a primary cause of diseases characterized by hair loss, including alopecia, and evidence has revealed significantly increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hair tissue and DP cells in the balding population. In the present study, troxerutin, a flavonoid derivative of rutin, was demonstrated to have a protective effect against H 2 O 2 -mediated cellular damage in human DP (HDP) cells. Biochemical assays revealed that pretreatment with troxerutin exerted a protective effect against H 2 O 2 -induced loss of cell viability and H 2 O 2 -induced cell death. Further experiments confirmed that troxerutin inhibited the H 2 O 2 -induced production of ROS and upregulation of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Using microRNA (miRNA) microarrays, the present study identified 24 miRNAs, which were differentially expressed in the troxerutin-pretreated, H 2 O 2 -treated HDP cells. Subsequent prediction using bioinformatics analysis revealed that the altered miRNAs were functionally involved in several cell signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase and WNT pathways. Overall, these results indicated that ROS-mediated cellular damage was inhibited by troxerutin and suggested that the use of troxerutin may be an effective approach in the treatment of alopecia.

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Fluorescence from pilosebaceous follicles

Cited by 71 publications

References 11 publications

Squalene as a Target Molecule in Skin Hyperpigmentation Caused by Singlet Oxygen

Squalene as a Target Molecule in Skin Hyperpigmentation Caused by Singlet Oxygen

Is Human Sebum the Source of Skin Follicular Ultraviolet-Induced Red Fluorescence? A Cellular to Histological Study

Analysis of changes in microRNA expression profiles in response to the troxerutin-mediated antioxidant effect in human dermal papilla cells

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