2021
DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac1dbb
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Fluorescence Guided Surgery

Abstract: Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) is an imaging technique that allows the surgeon to visualise different structures and types of tissue during a surgical procedure that may not be as visible under white light conditions. Due to the many potential advantages of fluorescence guided surgery compared to more traditional clinical imaging techniques such as its higher contrast and sensitivity, less subjective use, and ease of instrument operation, the research interest in fluorescence guided surgery continues to gro… Show more

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Cited by 58 publications
(46 citation statements)
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“…Most FGS systems employ multiple cameras with optical filters and beamsplitter to achieve coaligned visible and NIR imaging ( 6, 24 ). A potentially simpler approach for real-time overlay of white light reflectance images with fluorescence images is using a single sensor coupled with a modified 4-channel RGB-IR Bayer filter ( 6, 19, 25 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Most FGS systems employ multiple cameras with optical filters and beamsplitter to achieve coaligned visible and NIR imaging ( 6, 24 ). A potentially simpler approach for real-time overlay of white light reflectance images with fluorescence images is using a single sensor coupled with a modified 4-channel RGB-IR Bayer filter ( 6, 19, 25 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, incorporating an excitation light source into a wearable battery-powered ergonomic design is challenging. Existing FGS systems, for example, employ large cumbersome and expensive laser diodes that are fixed to a cart ( 6, 17, 24 ) and even if the light source is passed through optical fibers to a surgical headmount, the surgeon remains effectively tethered to the cart. Some preclinical FGS systems separate the surgeon from the excitation source completely – the imaging module is worn by the surgeon but the excitation source is placed on a tripod near the surgical field and separated from any wearable components ( 18, 21 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In addition to these already FDA-approved molecular tracers used for fluorescent guided surgery, according to a recent review by Barth et al, a total of 39 contrast agents used for tumor-specific targeting are being studied in over 85 clinical trials in the US alone. Three of these novel probes (BLZ 100, LUM 015, and SGM-101) have reached phase III clinical trials and are expected to be approved by the FDA in a couple of years [ 95 , 96 ]. BLZ 100, used for real-time tumor detection during brain and breast cancer surgeries, consists of a natural chlorotoxin peptide, which targets the protein components of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts from cancer lesions [ 97 ].…”
Section: Pafolacianine In Comparison With Other Similar Agents Used F...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PSs have a finite fluorescence quantum yield and therefore can be utilized for their fluorescent properties. Some of the clinically approved applications of PSs exploit their fluorescence properties for diagnosis and treatment guidance such as fluorescent-guided surgeries (FGS). While the use of PSs for guiding fluorescence-based surgical resection is well accepted and clinically approved, the limited fluorescence quantum yield of PSs and the general lack of depth profiling conferred by fluorescence imaging are major limitations which can be overcome through other complementary imaging methodologies. Liposomes provide a platform to incorporate multiple contrast agents and enable multimodal imaging where fluorescence imaging can be complemented by other imaging methodologies such as photoacoustic imaging (PAI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (Figure ).…”
Section: Functional Significance Of Photosensitizer-loaded Liposomesmentioning
confidence: 99%