Fluorescence in ion exchanged BK7 glass slab waveguides and its use for scattering free loss measurements

Weisser, Michael; Thoma, Frank; Menges, Bernhard; Langbein, U.; Mittler‐Neher, Silvia

doi:10.1016/s0030-4018(98)00222-3

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, in contrast to streak imaging, which relies on detection of scattered light, here, loss is instead determined from the longitudinal distribution of fluorescence light generated by the waveguide along the waveguiding direction by optical pumping with a wavelength that falls within the absorption band of the gain medium [61].…”

Section: Fluorescence Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Grivas

2011

Progress in Quantum Electronics

194

102

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Abstract:The tremendous interest in the field of waveguide lasers in the past two decades is largely attributed to the geometry of the gain medium, which provides the possibility to store optical energy on a very small dimension in the form of an optical mode. This allows for realization of sources with enhanced optical gain, low lasing threshold, and small footprint and opens up exciting possibilities in the area of integrated optics by facilitating their on-chip integration with different functionalities and highly compact photonic circuits. Moreover, this geometrical concept is compatible with high power diode pumping schemes as it provides exceptional thermal management, minimizing the impact of thermal loading on laser performance. The proliferation of techniques for fabrication and processing capable of producing high optical quality waveguides has greatly contributed to the growth of waveguide lasers from a topic of fundamental research to an area that encompasses a variety of practical applications. In this first part of the review on optically pumped waveguide lasers the properties that distinguish these sources from other classes of lasers will be discussed. Furthermore, the current state-of-the art in terms of fabrication tools used for producing waveguide lasers is reviewed from the aspects of the processes and the materials involved. 2 1.IntroductionOver the last two decades the field of solid-state planar waveguide lasers has experienced a steady growth, progressing from a laboratory curiosity to an area that demonstrates a broad spectrum of applications, from multiwavelength laser channel arrays for telecommunications to diode-pumped planar structures with multiwatt output powers for sensing and ranging applications. Waveguide lasers are by no means a new field and the first report on such a source dates back in 1961, when laser operation of a waveguide based on an active glass core rod embedded in a low refractive index cladding was demonstrated [1]. However research efforts in the years that followed this report focused primarily on the development of optically pumped laser sources based on high optical quality bulk dielectric laser media in the form of rods and slabs. The merits of the waveguide geometry and the associated optical confinement have been first highlighted in single mode glass optical fibers. Fibers have proven an enabling technology for realization of highly efficient amplifier and laser sources owing to their unrivalled low loss performance and ability to maintain a small spot size and hence high intensities over lengths that are orders of magnitude longer than would normally be allowed by diffraction, [2,3]. Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) in particular have directly contributed to the enormous expansion of the optical communications networks that underpin today's internet infrastructure by allowing for signal regeneration and optical data transmission over long distances. The excellent performance of fiber lasers and amplifiers provided motivation and triggered a major techn...

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Section: Fluorescence Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Grivas

2011

Progress in Quantum Electronics

194

102

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“…17 The measured N eff were fitted to a nonlinear diffusion profile. 18 For loss measurements, a scattering-free loss measurement technique 19 was used.…”

Section: Multimode Waveguide Evanescent Field Fluorescence Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimode waveguide evanescent field fluorescence microscopy: Measurement of cell-substratum separation distance

Hassanzadeh

Armstrong

Dixon

et al. 2009

Applied Physics Letters

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Waveguide evanescent field fluorescence microscopy allows imaging of thin films and contact regions between biological cells and their substratum. On changing the propagating waveguide mode exciting the fluorescence markers, the normalized evanescent field intensity at a specific distance from the waveguide surface is modified. This enables the determination of thin film thickness and cell-substratum separation distances. An extensive analysis of multimode ion-exchanged waveguides is presented, focusing on their applications as substrata for studying interfacial phenomena. The experimental results on Langmuir-Blodgett films are in excellent agreement with the simulations. For osteoblastic cells, close contacts were observed.

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“…We carried out experiments to study the Au nano-disk arrays on top of waveguides. The waveguides were fabricated using ion-exchange technique on BK7 glass substrates [32,33] and neff of the TE0 mode was tuned to match the simulated waveguide structure. The details of the experiment are presented in the supplemental information [34] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic arrays of gold nano-disks coupled with evanescent spectroscopy

Jiang

Manifar

Bakhtazad

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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Fluorescence in ion exchanged BK7 glass slab waveguides and its use for scattering free loss measurements

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Multimode waveguide evanescent field fluorescence microscopy: Measurement of cell-substratum separation distance

Periodic arrays of gold nano-disks coupled with evanescent spectroscopy

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