Fluorescence labeling of gelatin and methylcellulose: monitoring their penetration behavior into paper

Hummert, Eva; Henniges, Ute; Potthast, Antje

doi:10.1007/s10570-013-9864-z

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The wettability of a paper is strongly influenced by its sizing, fillers, porosity, fibre Varying iron gall ink, partly migrated Blank density, fibre composition, and fibre preparation, as well as by any eventual surface treatment of paper [39]. The two types of nanocellulose were applied locally (edges, centrally located areas of paper) or the sheet as a whole was treated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano meets the sheet: adhesive-free application of nanocellulosic suspensions in paper conservation

Völkel

Ahn

Hähner³

et al. 2017

Herit Sci

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Historical papers are often locally damaged by exogenous influences and/or have endogenously degraded paper areas. The stabilization of such papers is very important because further use of the object can cause additional damage. Different types of nanocellulose are interesting as a novel stabilizing materials for paper due to their close structural relation to the paper matrix. Therefore, the present study investigated whether the treatment of historical papers with nanocellulose suspensions is a novel method for paper stabilization. Two different types of nanocelluloses, bacterial cellulose and a mechanically nanofibrillated cellulose based on wood pulp, were tested with regard to their performance in stabilizing fragile papers. Concerning material handling and application in conservation steps, different ways to modify the suspensions were tested. The resulting suspensions were applied to historical papers from several centuries with different extents of damage. The paper-nanocellulose composites were characterized with regard to their optical and microscopic integrity and by physical and chemical analyses. The treatment of mechanical damage and the consolidation of weakened paper areas could be realized by the application of a nanocellulose suspension without an additional adhesive. The results of the treatment depend on the type of nanocellulose, on the paper material, on processing and application techniques. The paper discusses the applicability and stability of the differently prepared nanocellulose suspensions, also with regard to their mode of application and long-term performance. Advantages and limitations are addressed in detail.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano meets the sheet: adhesive-free application of nanocellulosic suspensions in paper conservation

Völkel

Ahn

Hähner³

et al. 2017

Herit Sci

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“…The gelatine was assumed to be uniformly distributed throughout the paper rather than concentrated at the surface (Hummert et al 2013, Rouchon et al 2010. The removed samples were analysed as ethyl chloroformate derivatives by GC-MS (Stephens et al 2008) using a method which quantifies gelatine based on seven stable amino acids (AA).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Analysis of 14th–19th Century European Handmade Papers

Barrett

Ormsby

Lang

2016

Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material

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Non-destructive analysis of 1,578 paper specimens made between the fourteenth and the nineteenth centuries was undertaken in an effort to better understand changes in paper composition over time and how these variations might affect paper stability during long term natural ageing. Gelatine content and colour were determined using UV/Vis/NIR spectrometry. Residual metals were measured using XRF. These components included potassium and sulfur as elements indicative of alum concentration; iron as a typical paper contaminant; and calcium, which is often associated with compounds such as calcium carbonate that can serve as alkaline reserves. The research demonstrated that papers that are lighter in colour (closer to white) are associated with higher levels of gelatine and calcium, and lower levels of iron. The survey also showed significant decreases in gelatine and calcium concentration over time with the largest differences coinciding with the rise of printing around 1500. The drop in pH over the centuries observed by other researchers is explained by the decreases in these two components rather than by a rise in alum concentration, which remained fairly stable. The craftsmanship of the specimens was evaluated using materials and workmanship ratings which showed better quality paper associated with higher gelatine and calcium concentrations and colour closer to white. Poorer quality papers were associated with higher iron levels and greater thickness.

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“…Thus, in addition to filling the voids between fibers, gelatin possibly penetrated more readily into the fiber cell wall given that refining opens or expands pores of different sizes. 34,35 In the case of GG, cellulose−guar gum interactions are known to be mainly governed by hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups on the cellulose chain and polar groups on the polysaccharide, which is manifested by similar conformations of the mannose backbone in GG and glucose in cellulose. 36,37 In contrast, in the case of gelatin, besides H-bonding, electrostatic and other non-specific interactions are involved in cellulose− gelatin complex formation, due to the amphoteric nature of gelatin.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the Z -average hydrodynamic radii of gelatin and guar gum assessed at the given conditions were 228.5 ± 4 and 3203.0 ± 202 nm, respectively. Thus, in addition to filling the voids between fibers, gelatin possibly penetrated more readily into the fiber cell wall given that refining opens or expands pores of different sizes. , …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Plane Compression and Biopolymer Permeation Enable Super-stretchable Fiber Webs for Thermoforming toward 3-D Structures

Khakalo

Kouko

Filpponen

et al. 2017

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The typically poor ductility of cellulosic fibers and ensuing bonded networks and paper webs set limits on any effort to produce associated three-dimensional structures without relying on chemical, often unsustainable, approaches. To address this challenge, we report on a facile and green method that combines mechanical and biopolymer treatment: in-plane compression and aqueous solution permeation via spraying. The first enabled network extensibility while the second, which relied on the use of either food-grade gelatin, guar gum, or polylactic acid, improved network strength and stiffness. As a result, an unprecedented elongation of ∼30% was achieved after unrestrained drying of the fiber web. At the same time, the structures experienced a significant increase in tensile strength and stiffness (by ∼306% and ∼690%, respectively). Such simultaneous property improvement, otherwise very difficult to achieve, represents a substantial gain in the material’s toughness, which results from the synergistic effects associated with the mechanical response of the network under load, fiber intrinsic strength, and interfiber bonding. The level of plasticity developed in fiber webs upon biaxial compaction (longitudinal followed by lateral compaction), which was performed to reduce property anisotropy, allowed the synthesis of 3-D packaging materials via direct thermoforming. Moreover, the formability was found to be temperature and humidity dependent (strain and creep compliance after creep/recovery cycles in dynamic mechanical analyses). Overall, an inexpensive, green, and scalable approach is introduced to expand the properties spaces for paper and related non-wovens that allows 2-D and 3-D formability of in-plane compacted fiber networks.

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Fluorescence labeling of gelatin and methylcellulose: monitoring their penetration behavior into paper

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Nano meets the sheet: adhesive-free application of nanocellulosic suspensions in paper conservation

Nano meets the sheet: adhesive-free application of nanocellulosic suspensions in paper conservation

Non-Destructive Analysis of 14th–19th Century European Handmade Papers

In-Plane Compression and Biopolymer Permeation Enable Super-stretchable Fiber Webs for Thermoforming toward 3-D Structures

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