1992
DOI: 10.1002/sca.4950140305
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Fluorescence lifetime imaging using a confocal laser scanning microscope

Abstract: The implementation of a fast fluorescence life‐time imaging method in a confocal laser scanning microscope is described. The set up utilizes a low‐power continuous wave (CW) argon ion laser equipped with an electro‐optic chopper producing nanosecond pulses with a repetition rate up to 25 MHz. A time‐gated detection technique enables the measurement of the lifetime of a pixel in 40 μs. The first confocal fluorescence lifetime contrast images are presented. Application of fluorescence lifetime imaging in multila… Show more

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Cited by 185 publications
(109 citation statements)
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“…However, as with many spectroscopic techniques, lifetimes measured in a conventional widefield microscope are subject to distortions arising from contributions of out-of-focus light originating above and below the plane of best focus. This realization has led to the development of optically sectioned lifetime imaging techniques implemented in single (3,4, this publication) and multiphoton configurations (1,(5)(6)(7)(8). Image reconstruction procedures applied to widefield and structured illumination data have also been used to generate sectioned fluorescence lifetime images.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, as with many spectroscopic techniques, lifetimes measured in a conventional widefield microscope are subject to distortions arising from contributions of out-of-focus light originating above and below the plane of best focus. This realization has led to the development of optically sectioned lifetime imaging techniques implemented in single (3,4, this publication) and multiphoton configurations (1,(5)(6)(7)(8). Image reconstruction procedures applied to widefield and structured illumination data have also been used to generate sectioned fluorescence lifetime images.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Technically, this can be done by using a Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) system (10), or by measuring the fluorescence signal either using a time-gated detector (12), or a streak camera (13). Regardless of the technique applied, the theoretical fluorescence intensity profile I(t) is defined as:…”
Section: The Characterization Of Dynamic Interactions Between Biomolementioning
confidence: 99%
“…To date these techniques have been largely restricted to intensity-based imaging, providing mainly structural rather than functional information, and as such can be prone to the artefacts associated with other intensity-based imaging modalities. Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) [8][9][10] is an increasingly utilized tool in biological research that can provide robust contrast between different fluorescent proteins/species and can also yield quantitative information concerning the local fluorophore environment, e.g. pH, temperature, refractive index [11][12][13], etc., including protein-protein interactions via Fö rster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) [14,15].…”
Section: Biophotonicsmentioning
confidence: 99%