There have been reviewed the main approaches to the study of energy metabolism in cancer cells, based on fluorescent imaging of NADH and FAD cofactors. The term "metabolic imaging" covers a range of modern fluorescent techniques for detecting NADH and FAD according to fluorescence intensity and/or lifetime. These cofactors play an important role in energy metabolism reactions acting as electron carriers and, being fluorescent, serve as a basis for metabolic process analysis in living cells and tissues without the use of additional coloring agents. Particular attention is paid to metabolic changes associated with carcinogenesis. Numerous examples of metabolic imaging application in cell cultures in vitro, animal and human tumors in vivo, as well as in patients' tumor biopsy samples have demonstrated its being highly demanded for biomedical research in the area of oncology.Key words: metabolic imaging; energy metabolism; fluorescence lifetime; redox ratio; NADH; FAD; oxidative phosphorylation; glycolysis; tumor cells.For contacts: Mariya M. lukina, e-mail: kuznetsova.m.m@yandex.ru Cells need energy to maintain homeostasis. All processes of cell activity, such as generating concentration gradients, cytoskeleton movement, DNA repair, transcription, translation and vesicular transport, are energy-dependent. Energy metabolism of normal cells is known to differ significantly from cell metabolism in case of a disease. Therefore, the metabolic status can serve as an indicator for diagnosis and visualization of response to pathological process treatment. Taking into account high incidence of oncological diseases, assessment of metabolic phenotype of tumor cells is particularly urgent.Development of optical visualization technologies has provided the possibility of noninvasive analysis of metabolic cofactors NADH and FAD in living tumor cells at high spatial resolution (up to several hundred Metabolic Imaging in the Study of Oncological Process nanometers) without using additional coloring agents and with no significant effect on biochemical and physiological condition of cells. The term "metabolic imaging" covers a range of modern fluorescent techniques which allow visualizing NADH and FAD according to their fluorescence intensity and/or lifetime.The present review characterizes the properties of energy metabolism in cancer cells, describes the two key approaches to the assessment of metabolic status: analysis of cofactor fluorescence intensity ratio (redox ratio) and their fluorescence lifetime. There have been presented numerous examples of metabolic imaging application in cell cultures in vitro, animal and human tumors in vivo, as well as in patients' tumor biopsy samples.