Organic transition metal complexes are successfully used in polymerization due to their catalytic activity in oxidative reactions. Here, polyaniline was synthesized with cobalt phthalocyanine as catalysts for the aniline oxidative polymerization. The conditions for obtaining polyaniline significantly affect the final product and the introduction of the component into the reaction mixture leads to a change in the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Thus, the effect of the catalyst on the polymer chain was determined using FTIR, UV‐visible spectral methods and atomic adsorption analysis. Electrical conductivity, thermal stability, electrochemical parameters (HOMO‐LUMO, band gap), surface morphology, and fluorescence emission spectra were estimated for the polymer samples obtained. The study of synthesized polymeric materials resulted that the use of cobalt phthalocyanines in the aniline oxidative polymerization process leads to better physicochemical properties, namely electrical conductivity, band gap and fluorescence quantum yield.