Ultrasound-induced modulation permits the collection of fluorescence images from deep within light-scattering media.Fluorescence labeling traces specific molecules that play physiological roles in living organisms, revealing the mysteries of life. Recently developed fluorescent probes with excellent optical performance are expected to extend fluorescence techniques to clinical diagnosis. However, living tissues scatter light strongly, restricting applications to the microscopic level or to the body surface. To permit noninvasive optical measurement for tomographic imaging of the human body, we have explored a technique to visualize fluorescence at a depth of tens of centimeters, with resolution of the order of millimeters.Myriad efforts have been made over many years to develop fluorescence and other optical imaging techniques that work in light-scattering media. Time-and frequency-domain techniques 1 for analyzing diffuse light and the extraction of forward-scattering light by coherent gating 2, 3 are the major approaches to optical tomography. The distribution of optical absorption has been measured using 'ultrasonic tagging,' which focuses more weakly scattered ultrasound to extract spatial information about optical properties. [4][5][6][7] We have extended focused ultrasound to visualize fluorescence in dense scattering media.Previously, ultrasonic tagging was thought to be unsuitable for fluorescence imaging because speckle modulation in multiply-scattering media occurs only for coherent optical processes. However, even for fluorescence, density variation of the medium in a focused sound field might induce intensity modulation. By exploiting the spectral separation between fluorescence and excitation using an appropriate optical arrangement with a large-scale, highly efficient detector, an ultrasound field offers a detectable modulation of the fluorescence signal. 8,9 For this demonstration study, we show tomographic imaging of fluorescence in dense scattering media using porcine muscle