Fluorescent amino‐substituted squaraine probes for bovine serum albumin

Abstract

The synthesis and spectroscopic properties of fluorescent amino-substituted squaraine dyes have been presented. The interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fluorescence probes derived from squaric acid was studied by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. The Benesi-Hildebrand, Lehrer, and Stern-Volmer equations were used to present the influence of BSA concentration on the binding constant for the process of association with squaraine dyes, as well as the effect of the concentration of fluorescence probes on the quenching process. It was also shown that the interaction between BSA and squaraine dyes is spontaneous. The number of binding sites to bovine serum albumin for a series of squaraine dyes has also been calculated.

Triphenylethylene- and Tetraphenylethylene-Functionalized 1,3-Bis(pyrrol-2-yl)squaraine Dyes: Synthesis, Aggregation-Caused Quenching to Aggregation-Induced Emission, and Thiol Detection

“…Squaraine dyes are widely reported for a range of applications, particularly in the area of organic photovoltaics, chemosensing, supramolecular recognition, and self-assembly. − Squaraine dyes often exhibit intense emission in the far-red to near-infrared region, which is highly desirable for bioimaging applications due to the advantages of low phototoxicity, low autofluorescence background, and ability for deeper tissue penetration. − In fact, there were several reports on squaraine dyes for bioimaging applications, including the use of its strong two-photon absorption properties. − …”

Probing the Interactions Between Anthanthrene Derivatives and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) Through Aggregation Induced Emission

“…In parallel, the use of organic dye molecules such as functionalized squiraine, [26–29] cyanine, [30] fluorescein, [31] BODIPY dyes, [32,33] and others [34,35] have proven to be highly efficient for the detection and quantification of protein samples. Certainly, these BSA‐dye interactions are useful for developing fluorescent markers, [29,36,37] protein assays, [31] and monitoring protease activity, [38] biophosphors, [39] solid‐sate lightening (SSL) based on biomaterials, [40] and understanding the pharmacokinetics of albumin‐based drug delivery systems [41,42] .…”

“…Elegant examples based on small molecules illustrating not only the significant fluorescence sensing performance towards albumins but also the photostability, fluorescence quantum yields and fine-tuning the emission wavelengths to NIR region have been reported. [20][21][22][23][24][25] In parallel, the use of organic dye molecules such as functionalized squiraine, [26][27][28][29] cyanine, [30] fluorescein, [31] BODIPY dyes, [32,33] and others [34,35] have proven to be highly efficient for the detection and quantification of protein samples. Certainly, these BSA-dye interactions are useful for developing fluorescent markers, [29,36,37] protein assays, [31] and monitoring protease activity, [38] biophosphors, [39] solid-sate lightening (SSL) based on biomaterials, [40] and understanding the pharmacokinetics of albumin-based drug delivery systems.…”

Recent progress in the development of highly active dyeing photoinitiators based on 1,3-bis(p-substituted phenylamino)squaraines for radical polymerization of acrylates

“…Due to specific properties, squaraines are increasingly used for biomacromolecules’ labelling, which is important in the fast recognition of pathological changes in the human body. 92 Moreover, the development of fluorescent probes offers the opportunity for better knowledge of the role of proteins. Recent literature reports indicate that discussed dyes show good response and high selectivity in the interaction with various types of protein.…”