Fluorescent Bioaerosol Particles Resulting from Human Occupancy with and Without Respirators

Xu, Caijia; Wu, Chang‐Yu; Yao, Maosheng

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2016.09.0400

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It was concluded that bioaerosol emissions from exhaled breath accounted for about 17% of the observed increases in the controlled environments. Bioaerosol concentrations within school classrooms were also measured during this study, and a 50% increase was noted with human occupancy [102].…”

Section: Indoor Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Review: The Use of Real-Time Fluorescence Instrumentation to Monitor Ambient Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (PBAP)

Fennelly

Sewell²,

Prentice

et al. 2017

Atmosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) encompass many particle types that are derived from several biological kingdoms. These aerosol particles can be composed of both whole living units such as pollen, bacteria, and fungi, as well as from mechanically formed particles, such as plant debris. They constitute a significant proportion of the overall atmospheric particle load and have been linked with adverse health issues and climatic effects on the environment. Traditional methods for their analysis have focused on the direct capture of PBAP before subsequent laboratory analysis. These analysis types have generally relied on direct optical microscopy or incubation on agar plates, followed by time-consuming microbiological investigation. In an effort to address some of these deficits, real-time fluorescence monitors have come to prominence in the analysis of PBAP. These instruments offer significant advantages over traditional methods, including the measurement of concentrations, as well as the potential to simultaneously identify individual analyte particles in real-time. Due to the automated nature of these measurements, large data sets can be collected and analyzed with relative ease. This review seeks to highlight and discuss the extensive literature pertaining to the most commonly used commercially available real-time fluorescence monitors (WIBS, UV-APS and BioScout). It discusses the instruments operating principles, their limitations and advantages, and the various environments in which they have been deployed. The review provides a detailed examination of the ambient fluorescent aerosol particle concentration profiles that are obtained by these studies, along with the various strategies adopted by researchers to analyze the substantial data sets the instruments generate. Finally, a brief reflection is presented on the role that future instrumentation may provide in revolutionizing this area of atmospheric research.

show abstract

Section: Indoor Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The UV-APS has been deployed in a number of indoor sites, such as hospitals, examination rooms, lecture theatres, and flood-affected housing [102][103][104][105][106]. Such studies have generally examined the release of particles and the calculation of emission factors.…”

Section: Indoor Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: The Use of Real-Time Fluorescence Instrumentation to Monitor Ambient Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (PBAP)

Fennelly

Sewell²,

Prentice

et al. 2017

Atmosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Bioaerosols are suspended biological particles consisting of microorganisms or organism-derived materials (Douwes et al, 2003;Brandl et al, 2008). Indoor airborne biological pollutants have numerous sources, including outdoor air, human bodies, wallpaper, carpet, resuspended particles, air conditioning systems, and animal waste (Lindemann et al, 1982;Pastuszka et al, 2000;Chao et al, 2002;Hargreaves et al, 2003;Kalogerakis et al, 2005;Tseng et al, 2011;Hospodsky et al, 2012;Xu et al, 2017). Exposure to indoor bioaerosols, such as bacteria, molds, viruses, pollen, pet allergens, mycotoxins, and bacterial endotoxins, may cause health effects, such as SBS, allergies, asthma, poisoning, infection, and even cancer (Douwes et al, 2003;Schleibinger et al, 2004;Bowers et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Indoor Bioaerosols in Public Spaces by Real-Time Measured Airborne Particles

Huang

Lee

Shih

2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Humans spend a considerable amount of time indoors, and indoor biological airborne pollutants may harm human health. Active bioaerosol samplers and conventional microbiological culture methods, which are widely applied in studies of airborne microbial contamination, are not only unable to perform continuous monitoring over long periods, but are also time-consuming and expensive. In order to rapid assess indoor airborne microbial contamination, multiple linear regression models were constructed by statistically analyzing the measured bioaerosol samples and the real-time measured mass and number concentrations of airborne particles using a direct reading instrument from 43 air-conditioned public spaces. There were significant positive correlations of indoor airborne bacterial and fungal concentrations with indoor sizesegregated particle mass and number concentrations. The predictive power of the model was sufficient for predicting indoor bacterial concentrations from the indoor and outdoor size-segregated particle number concentrations as independent variables. Particle number concentration outperforms particle mass concentration as an independent variable in predicting indoor bioaerosol concentrations. The prediction model for indoor bacterial bioaerosol levels constructed in this study could facilitate a rapid assessment of potential airborne bacterial contamination via the simple and feasible measurement of particle number concentration, thus helping to improve the management and maintenance of indoor air quality.

show abstract

“…In their work, SEM images revealed that most bacteria in exhaled breath are detected in the size range of 0.5-1.0 µm (smaller particles), which accordingly poses greater risk of airborne transmission once exhaled out especially for pathogens such as MRSA. In another work, it was shown that humans could emit millions of bacterial particles per min, among which 17% was from the exhaled breath with a fluorescent bioaerosol concentration level of (1.93 ± 1.83) × 10 5 particles m -3 and a peak size at 1.5 µm (Xu, Wu, & Yao, 2017). Besides, human activities could also re-suspend a huge amount of bioaerosol particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial pathogens were detected from human exhaled breath using a novel protocol

Zheng

Chen

Yao

et al. 2018

Journal of Aerosol Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A B S T R A C TIt is generally believed that influenza outbreak is associated with breath-borne transmission of viruses, however relevant evidence is little for that of respiratory bacterial infections. On another front, point-of-care infection diagnostic methods at the bedside are significantly lacking. Here, we used a newly developed protocol of integrating an exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection device (PKU BioScreen) and Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) to investigate what bacterial pathogens can be directly exhaled out from humans. Exhaled breath condensates were collected from human subjects with respiratory infection symptoms at Peking University 3rd hospital using the BioScreen. The screened bacterial pathogens included Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Stphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma Pneumonia, Chlamydia pneumonia, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The results were further compared and validated using throat swabs from the same patients by a PCR method.Here, human bacterial pathogens such as H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and MRSA were detected in exhaled breath using the developed protocol that integrates the EBC collection and LAMP. For the patients recruited from the hospital, seven types of pathogens were detected from 36.5% of them, and for the remaining subjects none of those screened bacterial pathogens was detected. Importantly, some super resistant bacteria such as MRSA were detected from the exhaled breath, suggesting that breathing might be also an important bacterial transmission route. Results from throat swabs showed that 36.2% of the subjects were found to be infected with H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. maltophilia, S. aureus and MRSA. For the EBC samples, 33.3% were found to be infected with MRSA, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Depending on the initial pathogen load in the sample, the entire protocol (EBC-LAMP) only takes 20-60 min to complete for a respiratory infection diagnosis. For different detection methods and pathogens, the agreements between the EBC and throat swabs from the same patients were found to range from 35% to 65%. Here, we have detected several bacterial pathogens including MRSA from exhaled breath, and the developed protocol could be very useful for the bedside pathogen screening particularly in remote areas where resources are significantly limited or prohibited.

show abstract

Fluorescent Bioaerosol Particles Resulting from Human Occupancy with and Without Respirators

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

Review: The Use of Real-Time Fluorescence Instrumentation to Monitor Ambient Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (PBAP)

Review: The Use of Real-Time Fluorescence Instrumentation to Monitor Ambient Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (PBAP)

Assessment of Indoor Bioaerosols in Public Spaces by Real-Time Measured Airborne Particles

Bacterial pathogens were detected from human exhaled breath using a novel protocol

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About