Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the relationship between chromosome location and nuclear morphology in human neutrophils

Sanchez, J. Aquiles; Karni, Ron J.; Wangh, Lawrence J.

doi:10.1007/s004120050236

Cited by 31 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Likewise, in males, the Y chromosome may be found in a club-shaped minor lobe (96). These observations led Sanchez et al (138) to question whether the major lobes of the neutrophil nuclei also had characteristic chromosome contents. They investigated the distribution of the sex chromosomes and autosomes 2 and 18 by using chromosome paints and found the distribution of chromosomes in the major lobes to be variable, although there were significant biases toward cosegregation of the two X chromosomes in four lobed female neutrophils and of both homologues in the same lobe.…”

Section: Nuclear Differentiation Without Polyploidymentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Levels of Organization in the Interphase Nucleus of Cycling and Differentiated Cells

Leitch

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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SUMMARY The review examines the structured organization of interphase nuclei using a range of examples from the plants, animals, and fungi. Nuclear organization is shown to be an important phenomenon in cell differentiation and development. The review commences by examining nuclei in dividing cells and shows that the organization patterns can be dynamic within the time frame of the cell cycle. When cells stop dividing, derived differentiated cells often show quite different nuclear organizations. The developmental fate of nuclei is divided into three categories. (i) The first includes nuclei that undergo one of several forms of polyploidy and can themselves change in structure during the course of development. Possible function roles of polyploidy is given. (ii) The second is nuclear reorganization without polyploidy, where nuclei reorganize their structure to form novel arrangements of proteins and chromosomes. (iii) The third is nuclear disintegration linked to programmed cell death. The role of the nucleus in this process is described. The review demonstrates that recent methods to probe nuclei for nucleic acids and proteins, as well as to examine their intranuclear distribution in vivo, has revealed much about nuclear structure. It is clear that nuclear organization can influence or be influenced by cell activity and development. However, the full functional role of many of the observed phenomena has still to be fully realized.

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Section: Nuclear Differentiation Without Polyploidymentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Levels of Organization in the Interphase Nucleus of Cycling and Differentiated Cells

Leitch

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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“…A number of experiments revealing the regularities of higher-order chromatin structure have been done using spherical cell nuclei such as lymphocytes or the oval nuclei of fibroblasts (T. Cremer et al 1993;Ferreira et al 1997;Croft et al 1999;Sadoni et al 1999;Skalníková et al 2000); however, restricted information is available concerning higher-order chromatin structure in segmented granulocytes (Sanchez et al 1997;Grigoryev and Woodcock 1998;Sanchez and Wangh 1999;Alcobia et al 2000). It was found that cell nuclei are compartmentalised in spherical cells; chromatin in interphase cell nuclei is arranged in spatially separated chromosome territories (Manuelidis 1985;Lichter et al 1988;Leitch et al 1990;C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Our experiments on the higher-order chromatin structure of human granulocytes, mainly the neutrophils, represent a continuation of the observations of Sanchez et al (1997) and Sanchez and Wangh (1999). These authors focused their studies on the nuclear location of chromosomes X and Y and the degree of condensation of chromosomes 2 and 18.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Higher-order chromatin structure of human granulocytes

et al. 2001

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The structural organisation of chromatin in eukaryotes plays an important role in a number of biological processes. Our results provide a comprehensive insight into the nuclear topography of human peripheral blood granulocytes, mainly neutrophils. The nuclei of granulocytes are characterised by a segmented shape consisting of two to five lobes that are in many cases connected by a thin DNA-containing filament. The segregation of chromosomes into the nuclear lobes was studied using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). We were able to distinguish different topographic types of granulocytes on the basis of the pattern of segregation. Five topographic types were detected using dual-colour FISH in two-lobed nuclei. The segregation of four sets of genetic structures could be studied with the aid of repeated FISH and a large number of topographic types were observed. In all these experiments a non-random distribution of chromosomes into nuclear lobes was found. The painting of a single type of chromosome in two-lobed nuclei showed the prevalence of symmetric topographic types (on average in 65.5% of cases) with significant variations among individual chromosomes. The results of analysis of five topographic types (defined by two chromosomes in two-lobed nuclei) showed that the symmetric topographic types for both chromosomes are significantly more frequent than predicted. Repeated hybridisation experiments confirmed that the occurrence of certain patterns of chromosome segregation is much higher than that predicted from the combination of probabilities. The frequency of symmetric topographic types for chromosome domains was systematically higher than for genes located on these chromosomes. It appears that the prevalence of symmetric segregation patterns is more probable for large objects such as chromosome domains than for genes located on chromatin loops extending outwards from the surface of the domain defined by specific chromosome paints. This means that one chromosome domain may occur in different lobes of granulocytic nuclei. This observation is supported by the fact that both genes and centromeres were observed on filaments joining different lobes. For all chromosomes, the distances between the membrane and fluorescence gravity centre of the chromosome were measured and correlated with the segregation patterns. A higher percentage of symmetric topographic types was found in those chromosomes that were located closer to the nuclear membrane. Nuclear positioning of all genetic elements in granulocytic nuclei was studied in two-dimensional projection; however, the results were verified using three-dimensional analysis.

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“…The results published so far on somatic pairing of human homologs are discordant. In neutrophil nuclei, there appears to be a tendency of homolog chromosomes to partition into the same lobe during differentiation, although pairing of homologs is not observed (Aquiles Sanchez et al, 1997). Human lymphocytes exhibit a late S phase-restricted association of chromosomes 15 at the imprinted 15q11 → q13 region (LaSalle and Lalande, 1996).…”

Section: Intranuclear Positioning Of Chromosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini review: Form and function in the human interphase chromosome

Chevret¹,

Volpi²,

Sheer³

2000

Cytogenet Genome Res

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A key feature of interphase chromosomes is their compaction into discrete “territories” in the nucleus. In this review, we focus on the compartmentalization of the genome conferred by this organization and evaluate our current understanding of the role of large-scale chromatin folding in the regulation of gene expression. We examine evidence for the hypothesis that transcription occurs at the external surfaces of chromosomes and follow its evolution to include transcription at the surfaces of chromatin-rich domains within chromosomes. We also present prevailing views regarding the details of large-scale chromatin folding and the functional relationship between chromatin and the enigmatic nuclear matrix.

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Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the relationship between chromosome location and nuclear morphology in human neutrophils

Cited by 31 publications

References 50 publications

Higher Levels of Organization in the Interphase Nucleus of Cycling and Differentiated Cells

Higher Levels of Organization in the Interphase Nucleus of Cycling and Differentiated Cells

Higher-order chromatin structure of human granulocytes

Mini review: Form and function in the human interphase chromosome

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