Fluorescent Inorganic‐Organic Hybrid Nanoparticles

Abstract

Inorganic-organic hybrid nanoparticles (IOH-NPs) with a general composition [ZrO] 2 + [R Dye OPO 3 ] 2À , [Ln] 3 + n/3 [R Dye (SO 3 ) n ] nÀ , [Ln(OH)] 2 + n/2 [R Dye (SO 3 ) n ] nÀ , or [LnO] + n [R Dye (SO 3 ) n ] nÀ (Ln: lanthanide) are a novel class of nanomaterials for fluorescence detection and optical imaging. IOH-NPs are characterized by an extremely high load of the fluorescent dye (70-85 wt-%), high photochemical stability, straightforward aqueous synthesis, low material complexity, intense emission and high cell uptake at low toxicity. Besides fullcolor emission, IOH-NPs are suitable for multimodal imaging, singlet-oxygen generation as well as drug delivery and drug release. This focus review presents the material concept of the IOH-NPs as well as their synthesis and characterization. Their characteristic features are illustrated by selected in vitro and in vivo studies to initiate application in biology and medicine.[a] B.

Zirconyl Hydrogenphosphate Nanocontainers for Flexible Transport and Release of Lipophilic Cytostatics, Insecticides, and Antibiotics

“…Therefore, the as‐prepared droplet phase was stabilized by [ZrO] 2+ cations by slow addition of ZrOCl 2 (Figure b). In this regard, zirconyl hydrogenphosphate is known as most insoluble metal phosphate in water and insoluble even in diluted hydrochloric acid . Consequently, zirconyl cations coordinate to the phosphate groups of the surfactant to form LC@ZrO(mdp) (LC: lipophilic cavity) nanocontainers.…”

Reactivity of ZrO(MFP) and ZrO(RP) Nanoparticles with LnCl3for Solvatochromic Luminescence Modification and pH‐Dependent Optical Sensing

“…Nanoparticles of general composition [ZrO] 2+ [R dye OPO 3 ] 2− are versatile luminescent materials that can be synthesized by a simple one‐pot reaction of ZrOCl 2 with the sodium salt or acid of the corresponding dye. The synthesis yields nanoparticles with 30–40 nm diameter in a stable colloidal suspension (Supporting Information: Table S1, Figures S1–S4) . In contrast to other nanoparticulate luminescent materials such as quantum dots, these compounds show high biocompatibility and are therefore suited as biomarkers for in vivo and in vitro applications .…”

“…[2] The development of composite nanoparticles based on fluorescent luminophores allows one to add further advantageous characteristics to the luminescencep roperties of the dye. [3] For instance, nanoparticulate sensors can be modi-fied with ab iocompatible matrix that enablest he nanoparticles to be used in living cells and can prevent potential interference of the dye with the cellular environment. [4] Such systems are widely used as agentsf or optical imaging techniques such as different tomographic methods [5] and luminescence imaging [6] with applicationsr eaching from noninvasive diagnosis to in vivo observations of vital functions.…”

“…Especially sensors based on fluorescent dyes have been used for a wide range of applications in chemical analysis, biological research, and clinical diagnostics . The development of composite nanoparticles based on fluorescent luminophores allows one to add further advantageous characteristics to the luminescence properties of the dye . For instance, nanoparticulate sensors can be modified with a biocompatible matrix that enables the nanoparticles to be used in living cells and can prevent potential interference of the dye with the cellular environment .…”

Fluorescence-based histamine sensing with inorganic–organic hybrid nanoparticles

“…13 Based on different functional organic anions, a wide range of IOH-NPs entailing various functionalities such as fluorescence, magnetism or pharmaceutical activity can be realized so that the IOH-NPs become suitable for multimodal imaging and/or drug release. 14 For the first time, we can now expand the material concept of the IOH-NPs to carboxylate-type functional organic anions as well as to fluorescence detection of histamine with potential application in allergy diagnostics. 15 In difference to phosphateand sulfonate-type functional organic anions, [PTC] 4À IOH-NPs, particle nucleation and particle growth have to be considered following the LaMer-Dinegar model.…”