Fluorescent “light-up” bioprobes based on tetraphenylethylene derivatives with aggregation-induced emission characteristics

Abstract

Aggregation in poor solvents and complexation with calf thymus DNA and bovine serum albumin turn "on" the fluorescence of tetraphenylethylene derivatives, due to the restriction of intra-molecular rotations of the dyes in the aggregates and complexes.

A novel intrinsically microporous ladder polymer and copolymers derived from 1,1′,2,2′-tetrahydroxy-tetraphenylethylene for membrane-based gas separation

“…43,44 TPE is a bulky and sterically hindered group with great potential as a building block for development of novel PIMs for membrane-based separations. In this study, we report for the first time the design and synthesis of tetraphenylethylene-based PIMs, as illustrated in Scheme 1.…”

Aggregation-induced emissions of tetraphenylethene derivatives and their utilities as chemical vapor sensors and in organic light-emitting diodes

“…TPE 1 and its diphenylated derivative 2 were readily prepared by simple McMurry reactions ͑Scheme 1͒. 22 Almost no photoluminescence ͑PL͒ signals can be detected from their dilute solutions in acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran ͑THF͒, revealing that the dyes are practically nonluminescent when molecularly dissolved in their good solvents. As shown in Fig.…”

“…Thanks to the steric effect of the peripheral phenyl rings, the dye molecules take propellerlike, nonplanar conformations ͑see crystal structure of 1 shown in Scheme 1͒, which prevents them from packing via -stacking interactions and quenching by such detrimental species as excimers. 22 The restriction of intramolecular rotations in the aggregates blocks the channel of nonradiative decay, hence changing the nonluminescent dyes to strong emitters.…”

Fluorometric Sensing of Biogenic Amines with Aggregation‐Induced Emission‐Active Tetraphenylethenes

“…A sensor array based on analyte-specific patterns arising from the differential binding affinity of a set of nonspecific receptors is attractive, because this sensing approach simplifies the sensor design. [15,16] Recently, we [17] and others [18] have demonstrated that aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active materials, first reported by Tang and co-workers, [19] have potential utility in the sensing fields. [20] AIE-active molecules show no emission in solution but an intense emission when aggregated or in the solid state because of the restriction of intramolecular rotations that prevent nonradiative deactivation for fluorescence quenching.…”