Fluorescent–Magnetic Hybrid Nanoparticles Induce a Dose‐Dependent Increase in Proinflammatory Response in Lung Cells in vitro Correlated with Intracellular Localization

Abstract

Iron-platinum nanoparticles embedded in a poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) polymer shell and fluorescently labeled with the dye ATTO 590 (FePt-PMA-ATTO-2%) are investigated in terms of their intracellular localization in lung cells and potential to induce a proinflammatory response dependent on concentration and incubation time. A gold core coated with the same polymer shell (Au-PMA-ATTO-2%) is also included. Using laser scanning and electron microscopy techniques, it is shown that the FePt-PMA-ATTO-2% particles penetrate all three types of cell investigated but to a higher extent in macrophages and dendritic cells than epithelial cells. In both cell types of the defense system but not in epithelial cells, a particle-dose-dependent increase of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is found. By comparing the different nanoparticles and the mere polymer shell, it is shown that the cores combined with the shells are responsible for the induction of proinflammatory effects and not the shells alone. It is concluded that the uptake behavior and the proinflammatory response upon particle exposure are dependent on the time, cell type, and cell culture.

Investigating the Interaction of Cellulose Nanofibers Derived from Cotton with a Sophisticated 3D Human Lung Cell Coculture

“…Fluorescent latex, nontoxic micrometer-sized and nanosized spherical nano-objects have been used to study the entry mechanism and intracellular fate that these micrometer/nano-objects may take following suspension exposure. 21 In addition, Fe 2 O 3 and Au core nano-objects with an ATTO polymer shell, 27 as well as "naked" (i.e., no shell) citrate stabilized Au NPs and Au with a polyethylene glycol polymer shell NPs 28 have been shown to localize within lysosomes, but not the mitochondria, when exposed to the triple cell coculture model by either aerosol or suspension methods. Numerous studies have also investigated the potential adverse effects that nano-objects may elicit following their interaction with the epithelial airway barrier in vitro.…”

Cellular Uptake, Intracellular Trafficking and Biological Responses of Gold Nanoparticles

“…Usually, it is regarded that membrane-wrapped NPs are trapped in intracellular vesicles such as early and late endosomes, lysosomes, or phagosomes. [20][21] Some studies also reported the presence of NPs in cytosol, 19,[22][23][24] in mitochondria, 15,25 and in nuclei. 23,26 The ways of entrance into cells and the subsequent distribution are crucial for their biological effects.…”

Biomedical nanoparticles modulate specific CD4+T cell stimulation by inhibition of antigen processing in dendritic cells

“…Experiments were performed in triplicate or quadruplicate and 10 or more cells were scanned per data point. Since LSM is not able to resolve SPIONs size, counted particles and co-localization were expressed as particle events and co-localized events, respectively with events referring to the number of voxels emitting signals that stem from particles or co-localization (Lehmann et al 2010). …”