Fluorescent Products of Anthocyanidin and Anthocyanin Oxidation

Bartosz, Grzegorz; Grzesik, Michalina; Sadowska-Bartosz, Izabela

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04755

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Some authors found that isoascorbic acid stabilizes betanin better than ascorbic acid [ 138 , 144 ] while others reported a better effect of ascorbic on the retention of the pigment [ 137 ]. Moreover, as ascorbic acid has a negative effect on the stability of anthocyanins [ 145 , 146 ], betalains rather than anthocyanins can be recommended for coloring foods with high ascorbic acid contents [ 94 , 143 ]. Phenolic and sulfur-containing antioxidants, acting by termination of free radical reactions were ineffective in betanin protection, which suggests that betanin oxidation of betanin does not involve a chain free radical mechanism [ 138 ].…”

Section: Betalain Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Properties and Applications of Betalains

2021

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Betalains are water-soluble pigments present in vacuoles of plants of the order Caryophyllales and in mushrooms of the genera Amanita, Hygrocybe and Hygrophorus. Betalamic acid is a constituent of all betalains. The type of betalamic acid substituent determines the class of betalains. The betacyanins (reddish to violet) contain a cyclo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (cyclo-DOPA) residue while the betaxanthins (yellow to orange) contain different amino acid or amine residues. The most common betacyanin is betanin (Beetroot Red), present in red beets Beta vulgaris, which is a glucoside of betanidin. The structure of this comprehensive review is as follows: Occurrence of Betalains; Structure of Betalains; Spectroscopic and Fluorescent Properties; Stability; Antioxidant Activity; Bioavailability, Health Benefits; Betalains as Food Colorants; Food Safety of Betalains; Other Applications of Betalains; and Environmental Role and Fate of Betalains.

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Section: Betalain Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Properties and Applications of Betalains

2021

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“…Anthocyanins, like other polyphenols, generate hydrogen peroxide upon autoxidation (Grzesik et al 2019). However, anthocyanins react also with hydrogen peroxide, which is a part of their antioxidant action (Bartosz et al 2020) so the net effect of high anthocyanin content on the hydrogen peroxide generation in potatoes and carrots was hard to predict a priori.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant capacity and hydrogen peroxide formation by black and orange carrots

Bartosz

Baran

Grzesik

et al. 2022

AFSci

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Anthocyanins are powerful antioxidants with numerous beneficial health effects. However, their autoxidation may produce hydrogen peroxide. Black carrots owe their colour to the high anthocyanin content. The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant capacity of and hydrogen generation by black and orange carrots. Black carrots were found to have a significantly higher anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity estimated by the FRAP assay, DPPH scavenging and ABTS• scavenging. Carrot, like other vegetables, generates hydrogen peroxide upon cooking. Black carrots generated much more hydrogen peroxide than orange carrots (55.0 ± 2.6 µM vs 6.0 ± 2.1 µM in phosphate buffer, 8.7 ± 1.2 vs 0.3 ± 0.1 µM in water, in 1:5 (w/v) homogenates. These small amounts of hydrogen peroxide are not likely to exert deleterious health effects but may have antimicrobial activity.

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“…Anthocyanins are avonoids that are rich in a variety of owers, fruits and vegetables and have strong antioxidant effects [7]. Recent research has shown that blueberry anthocyanins can decrease the levels of reactive oxygen species and the rate of apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells pretreated with H 2 O 2 [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delphinidin regulates the NF-κB/AP-1/caspase-3 pathway to protect against apoptosis of retinal photoreceptors under conditions of photochemical damage

Deng

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Retinal photochemical damage (RPD) can be the main cause of various ophthalmic diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Patients' vision can be severely impaired in the late stages of these eye diseases. Delphinidin, one of the major functional components of anthocyanins, has shown preventive effects on RPD and ophthalmic diseases induced by RPD, but the underlying mechanisms are complex and unclear. This study investigated the protective effect of delphinidin on photochemically damaged retinal photoreceptors in vivo and in vitro and characterized the underlying mechanisms. In vivo experiments showed that delphinidin downregulated the expression levels of caspase-3, and reduced the apoptosis rate of retinal photoreceptor cells in SD rats, thus protecting the structural integrity of the retina. In vitro experiments showed that delphinidin could maintain the normal ultrastructure of the mitochondrial endoplasmic reticulum membrane, reduce the apoptosis rate caused by light injury and improve the survival rate of light-damaged 661W cells. In addition, we found that delphinidin increased the mRNA and activated protein expression of NF-κB p65, NF-κB p50, and IκBα in photochemically injured 661W cells, and decreased the mRNA and protein expression of AP-1 (c-fos/c-jun) and Caspase-3/-8/-9. Compared with the model group, phospho-NF-κB p65 in delphinidin-treated cells was translocated into the nucleus, and the nuclear phospho-NF-κB p65 expression was increased, while nuclear c-jun expression was decreased. These results suggested that delphinidin resisted RPD-induced apoptosis of retinal photoreceptors by regulating the expression of factors involved in the NF-κB/AP-1/caspase-3 pathway.

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Fluorescent Products of Anthocyanidin and Anthocyanin Oxidation

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Biological Properties and Applications of Betalains

Biological Properties and Applications of Betalains

Antioxidant capacity and hydrogen peroxide formation by black and orange carrots

Delphinidin regulates the NF-κB/AP-1/caspase-3 pathway to protect against apoptosis of retinal photoreceptors under conditions of photochemical damage

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