Fluorescent staining and human IgM.

Fraser, Kenneth; Shirodaria, P. V.; Stanford, C. F.

doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5776.707

Cited by 57 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Although the presence of specific IgM indicates recent infection in uncomplicated acute cases, positive fluorescent staining of IgM may occur in the absence of recent infection if a serum containing virus-specific IgG also contains IgM globulins such as the rheumatoid factor (RF) with anti-IgG activity (Fraser et al 1971). Fraser and his colleagues distinguish between 'primary' staining, which is directly due to virus-specific IgM, and 'secondary' staining which is due to IgM anti-globulins and which can be eliminated by previous treatment of the serum with aggregated IgG.…”

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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IgG, IgA and IgM responses in acute rubella determined by the immunofluorescent technique

Cradock-Watson

Bourne

Vandervelde

1972

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThe indirect immunofluorescent technique has been used to study the specific immunoglobulin responses in twelve adult cases of acute uncomplicated rubella. IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies increased virtually simultaneously. IgG antibody persisted throughout the period of study but showed a slight tendency to fall in titre after 7 months. IgM antibody was detected in nine cases. In these patients it was present in high titre 5-15 days after the rash but was not detected after 20 days. IgA antibody was detected in all cases. It was present in high titre 5-20 days after the rash but was no longer detectable after 29 days except in one patient who had a very low titre at 78 days. The presence of specific IgA and IgM indicates recent rubella in uncomplicated cases, and if the immunofluorescent method is used both types of antibody should be sought.

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Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the demonstration by Fraser, Shirodaria & Stanford (1971) March, 1971. Ten students were male, nine of whom lived in the same hall of residence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgG, IgA and IgM responses in acute rubella determined by the immunofluorescent technique

Cradock-Watson

Bourne

Vandervelde

1972

J. Hyg.

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“…1 and 7) still had a titre of 8 as late as 53 and 57 days, and patient 2 had a titre of 16 after 188 days without any clinical recurrence of her herpes infection. To exclude the possibility that these might be false readings due to rheumatoid factor (Fraser, Shirodaria and Stanford, 1971), sera were retested after absorption with aggregated IgG but the titres remained unchanged. Three patients (nos.…”

Section: Antibody Responses In Patients With Primary Hsv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific IgG and IgM Antibody Responses in Herpes-Simplex-Virus Infections

Kurtz¹

1974

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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OF the wide variety of diseases caused by herpes-simplex virus (HSV) possibly the most severe is acute necrotising encephalitis, which is associated with a high mortality and, in the survivors, with varying degrees of permanent damage to the brain.Recent advances in treatment (Juel-Jensen and MacCallum, 1972) have made obvious the need for early and rapid diagnosis. This at present rests on brain biopsy, with recognition of the presence of virus by immunofluorescence and culture. The detection of antibody in serum, early in the disease, is of no help in diagnosis because a high percentage of the population has antibodies against HSV.In some other viral diseases, e.g., rubella and measles, the presence of specific IgM antibody in the serum has been interpreted as sigmfying recent or continuing infection (Haire and Hadden, 1970;Connolly, Haire and Hadden, 1971). The present work was undertaken to elucidate the antibody responses, both IgG and IgM, in primary HSV infections, oral and genital, in herpetic recurrences and in herpes-simplex encephalitis (HSE). MATERIALS AND METHODSPatients. Serum specimens were taken from nine patients with primary HSV infection, five of whom had oral lesions from which HSV, type 1, had been isolated and four of whom had genital lesions from which type-2 virus had been isolated; and from four patients with recurrent cold sores and one with recurrent genital lesions-all confirmed by virus isolation. Serum and CSF specimens were obtained from ten patients with HSE. The only sera available to us for testing from three of the patients (nos. 21, 23 and 24) had already been inactivated for 30 min. at 56°C. All specimens were stored at -30°C.CompZementfxing (CF) antibody test. This was done by the standard technique, in WHO plates, using 3 MHD of complement and overnight incubation at +4"C. The HSV antigen was either made in our own virus laboratory, by ultrasonic disruption of RK13 cells that had been heavily infected with type-1 herpesvirus, or obtained from the Standards Laboratory, Colindale.Indirect-immunofluorescence antibody test. BHK21 cells were grown on cover slips and were then infected with a dose of a laboratory strain of HSV, type 1, that produced a 3+ cytopathic effect after overnight incubation at 35°C. After this time, the cover slips were washed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), fixed in acetone for 5 min. and stored at -30°C until used. Serum and CSF specimens for testing were absorbed with BHK21 cells (1.5 x 108 cells per ml of specimen) for 1 hour on a roller at 35°C and then overnight at +4"C.

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“…This IgM, even if not virus-specific, can still cause 'secondary' staining with a fluorescein-labelled antiIgM conjugate in the presence of specific IgG (Fraser, Shirodaria & Stanford, 1971). Antiglobulin activity of this type is not uncommon in adults and may give false positive results in RIA tests with whole serum (Meurman et at.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…False positive results due to antiglobulin activity can be recognized because they are abolished by prior absorption with aggregated IgG (Fraser et al 1971) or IgG-coated latex beads ). We detected low-titre activity that was removed by latex-IgG in nine infants, of whom four had confirmed congenital rubella, four had abnormalities or neonatal disease probably due to other causes, and one had congenital CMV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay for detecting IgM antibody in infants with the congenital rubella syndrome

Cradock-Watson

Ridehalgh

Pattison

et al. 1979

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYImmunofluorescence (IF) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) have been compared as methods for detecting IgM antibody in 124 infants with confirmed or suspected congenital rubella. IF was used to test sucrose density gradient fractions and RIA to test fractions and whole serum.When fractions were tested IF and RIA were equally specific and distinguished clearly between IgM and IgG, but RIA was the more sensitive method. The RIA titre in whole serum was always greater than in the peak IgM fraction and there was no evidence that testing the serum, rather than the fraction, could result in failure to detect IgM. With some sera RIA gave low titres which became negative after absorption with IgG-coated latex beads. The mechanism of this 'false positive' effect, which may have been due to IgM with anti-IgG activity, was not investigated, but if it can be removed by absorption it need not reduce the specificity of the test.During the first 6 months of life IgM antibody was detected by RIA in 30 out of 32 unfractionated sera and by IF in fractions from 28 of these. After the age of 6 months IgM was found progressively less frequently and the greater sensitivity of RIA became a more obvious advantage: 17 out of 60 specimens were positive by RIA and 11 of these were negative by IF.RIA testing of whole serum appears to be an economical, specific and sensitive method for detecting IgM antibody in congenital rubella, of particular value when the titre of antibody is low.

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Fluorescent staining and human IgM.

Cited by 57 publications

References 2 publications

IgG, IgA and IgM responses in acute rubella determined by the immunofluorescent technique

IgG, IgA and IgM responses in acute rubella determined by the immunofluorescent technique

Specific IgG and IgM Antibody Responses in Herpes-Simplex-Virus Infections

Comparison of immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay for detecting IgM antibody in infants with the congenital rubella syndrome

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