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Activities of the extracellular enzymes P-D-glucosidase, phosphatase, and leucine aminopeptidase were investigated in unpolluted waters to test the suitability of fluorigenic model substrates for measuring enzyme activities in water samples expected to sustain low levels of activity. The waters tested were surface running waters, shallow groundwaters, and deep groundwaters from water extraction wells. Enzyme activity was detected in all the waters tested, although some of the hydrolytic rates were at the lower limit of current analytical ca ability. Rates varied between 1.1 and 291 nmol/(L. h) for 1-D-glucosidase, between 9.2 and 320 nmol/(L.h) for phosphatase, and between 5.8 and 1560 nmol/(L h) for leucine aminopeptidase. The method thus proved to be suitable for measuring low levels of extracellular enzyme activity in natural waters, but in any case, it is necessary to adapt the technique to the type of water investigated.Zusammenfassung: Um zu uberprufen, ob mit Hilfe fluorigener Modellsubstrate auch Enzymaktivitaten in Wasserproben mit sehr niedriger Aktivitat nachzuweisen sind, wurden fur die drei extrazellularen mikrobiellen Enzyme P-D-Glucosidase, Phosphatase und Leucin-Aminopeptidase sauberes Oberflachenwasser, Grundwasser und Tiefbrunnenwasser aus Trinkwasserbrunnen untersucht. In allen untersuchten Proben konnte enzymatische Aktivitat gemessen werden. Sie war jedoch stellenweise so niedrig, daR beinahe die merjtechnisch erfarjbare untere Grenze erreicht wurde. Fur P-D-Glucosidase wurden Substratumsatze zwischen 1.1 und 291 nmol/(L. h), fur Phosphatase zwischen 9.2 und 320 nmol/(L. h) und fur Leucin-Aminopeptidase Werte zwischen 5.8 und 1560 nmol/(L. h) bestimmt. Das angewandte Merjverfahren eignet sich gut zur Bestimmung niedriger extrazellularer Enzymaktivitaten. Wir empfehlen jedoch dringend die Anpassung der Methode an jede zu untersuchende Wasserprobe. Erst nach diesem Schritt kann das Verfahren fiir den routinemarjigen Einsatz in der Praxis verwendet werden. Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol. 25 (1997) 5 w -0 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-69469 Weinheim, 1997 0323-4320/97/05G%0253 $17.50+.50/0 w RE! Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol. 25 (1997) 5 -
Activities of the extracellular enzymes P-D-glucosidase, phosphatase, and leucine aminopeptidase were investigated in unpolluted waters to test the suitability of fluorigenic model substrates for measuring enzyme activities in water samples expected to sustain low levels of activity. The waters tested were surface running waters, shallow groundwaters, and deep groundwaters from water extraction wells. Enzyme activity was detected in all the waters tested, although some of the hydrolytic rates were at the lower limit of current analytical ca ability. Rates varied between 1.1 and 291 nmol/(L. h) for 1-D-glucosidase, between 9.2 and 320 nmol/(L.h) for phosphatase, and between 5.8 and 1560 nmol/(L h) for leucine aminopeptidase. The method thus proved to be suitable for measuring low levels of extracellular enzyme activity in natural waters, but in any case, it is necessary to adapt the technique to the type of water investigated.Zusammenfassung: Um zu uberprufen, ob mit Hilfe fluorigener Modellsubstrate auch Enzymaktivitaten in Wasserproben mit sehr niedriger Aktivitat nachzuweisen sind, wurden fur die drei extrazellularen mikrobiellen Enzyme P-D-Glucosidase, Phosphatase und Leucin-Aminopeptidase sauberes Oberflachenwasser, Grundwasser und Tiefbrunnenwasser aus Trinkwasserbrunnen untersucht. In allen untersuchten Proben konnte enzymatische Aktivitat gemessen werden. Sie war jedoch stellenweise so niedrig, daR beinahe die merjtechnisch erfarjbare untere Grenze erreicht wurde. Fur P-D-Glucosidase wurden Substratumsatze zwischen 1.1 und 291 nmol/(L. h), fur Phosphatase zwischen 9.2 und 320 nmol/(L. h) und fur Leucin-Aminopeptidase Werte zwischen 5.8 und 1560 nmol/(L. h) bestimmt. Das angewandte Merjverfahren eignet sich gut zur Bestimmung niedriger extrazellularer Enzymaktivitaten. Wir empfehlen jedoch dringend die Anpassung der Methode an jede zu untersuchende Wasserprobe. Erst nach diesem Schritt kann das Verfahren fiir den routinemarjigen Einsatz in der Praxis verwendet werden. Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol. 25 (1997) 5 w -0 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-69469 Weinheim, 1997 0323-4320/97/05G%0253 $17.50+.50/0 w RE! Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol. 25 (1997) 5 -
Samples were collected from organically polluted and unpolluted groundwater of sandy and gravelly deposits. After filtration onto polycarbonate filters (0.2μm pore size) the number of respiring bacteria was recorded by microscopically counting cells containing red INT-formazan spots, which characterize respiring bacteria. The total number of bacteria was simultaneously recorded by epifluorescence microscopy after staining with acridine orange. The number of respiring bacteria in the groundwater samples (55-490×10(3)/cm(3)) is within the range of values for other aquatic biotopes, but as the total number of bacteria in groundwater was usually higher, the proportion of respiring groundwater bacteria (0.66-7. 4%) was lower. Mainly larger bacteria, rods, and bacteria on particles could be identified as being active, whereas hardly any respiratory activity could be detected among small cocci and free interstitial bacteria. If the supply of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is adequate, the biomass of respiring bacteria correlates well with oxygen concentration, but there is no direct correlation between DOM concentration in groundwater and active bacterial biomass. Nor could any relationship be observed between the biomass of total and respiring bacteria, or between the quantity of respiring bacteria and heterotrophic bacterial activity.
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