Fluoride, calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the rat: Comparison of ‘natural ingredient’ with semipurified diets

Whitford, Gary M.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(91)90099-g

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…dISCUSSION This is the first in-depth fluoride metabolism study ever conducted with mice. A similar, 6-week study with weanling Sprague-Dawley rats was conducted in one of our laboratories (Whitford, 1991). The rats in Group E of that study received F in a manner similar to the mice in the present study, i.e., they were fed a low-F diet (AIN76A) and fluoridated water.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Influence of Genetic Background on Fluoride Metabolism in Mice

et al. 2009

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A/J and 129P3/J mouse strains have different susceptibilities to dental fluorosis, due to their genetic backgrounds. This study tested whether these differences are due to variations in water intake and/ or F metabolism. A/J (susceptible to dental fluorosis) and 129P3/J mice (resistant) received drinking water containing 0, 10, or 50 ppm F. Weekly F intake, excretion and retention, and terminal plasma and femur F levels were determined. Dental fluorosis was evaluated clinically and by quantitative fluorescence (QF). Data were tested by twoway ANOVA. Although F intakes by the strains were similar, excretion by A/J mice was significantly higher due to greater urinary F excretion, which resulted in lower plasma and femur F levels. Compared with 129P3/J mice given 50 ppm F, significantly higher QF scores were recorded for A/J mice. In conclusion, these strains differ with respect to several features of F metabolism, and amelogenesis in the 129P3/J strain seems to be unaffected by high F exposure.KEy wORdS: dental fluorosis, fluoride metabolism, genetic susceptibility/resistance, inbred mouse strains, bone.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Influence of Genetic Background on Fluoride Metabolism in Mice

et al. 2009

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“…After F analysis, the sample was analyzed for phosphorus [Fiske and Subarrow, 1925] so that the F concentration could be calculated (μg F/g). For this calculation, mouse enamel was considered to have 13.8% phosphorus by weight [Whitford, 1991]. Each tooth was analyzed individually.…”

Section: Animals and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics of Secretory-Stage and Maturation-Stage Enamel of Genetically Distinct Mice

Charone¹,

Leite

Peres‐Buzalaf

et al. 2016

Caries Res

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The mechanisms by which excessive ingestion of fluoride (F) during amelogenesis leads to dental fluorosis (DF) are still not precisely known. Inbred strains of mice vary in their susceptibility to develop DF, and therefore permit the investigation of underlying molecular events influencing DF severity. We employed a proteomic approach to characterize and evaluate changes in protein expression from secretory-stage and maturation-stage enamel in 2 strains of mice with different susceptibilities to DF (A/J, i.e. ‘susceptible' and 129P3/J, i.e. ‘resistant'). Weanling male and female susceptible and resistant mice fed a low-F diet were divided into 2 F-water treatment groups. They received water containing 0 (control) or 50 mg F/l for 6 weeks. Plasma and incisor enamel was analyzed for F content. For proteomic analysis, the enamel proteins extracted for each group were separated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis and subsequently characterized by liquid-chromatography electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. F data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (p < 0.05). Resistant mice had significantly higher plasma and enamel F concentrations when compared with susceptible mice in the F-treated groups. The proteomic results for mice treated with 0 mg F/l revealed that during the secretory stage, resistant mice had a higher abundance of proteins than their susceptible counterparts, but this was reversed during the maturation stage. Treatment with F greatly increased the number of protein spots detected in both stages. Many proteins not previously described in enamel (e.g. type 1 collagen) as well as some uncharacterized proteins were identified. Our findings reveal new insights regarding amelogenesis and how genetic background and F affect this process.

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Section: (5) Are the Roles Of Fluoride Ions In Developmental Enamel Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is of paramount interest to know whether normal enamel crystal formation is achievable in the complete absence of fluoride in the mineralizing milieu. But the ubiquitous inclusion of fluoride in foods, soil, and other natural products (Whitford, 1991) would make it very difficult for such experiments to be designed and executed with the use of any conventional animal model. Another known action of fluoride is to induce the nucleation and growth of apatite crystals, devoid of the participation of acidic precursors, at neutral conditions and physiological temperature; this situation was evident at fluoride levels of 0.5 ppm or higher in the media resembling the enamel fluid (MuraGalelli et al ., 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dental Fluorosis: Chemistry and Biology

Aoba

Fejerskov²

2002

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

398

296

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ABSTRACT:This review aims at discussing the pathogenesis of enamel fluorosis in relation to a putative linkage among ameloblastic activities, secreted enamel matrix proteins and multiple proteases, growing enamel crystals, and fluid composition, including calcium and fluoride ions. Fluoride is the most important caries-preventive agent in dentistry. In the last two decades, increasing fluoride exposure in various forms and vehicles is most likely the explanation for an increase in the prevalence of mild-to-moderate forms of dental fluorosis in many communities, not the least in those in which controlled water fluoridation has been established. The effects of fluoride on enamel formation causing dental fluorosis in man are cumulative, rather than requiring a specific threshold dose, depending on the total fluoride intake from all sources and the duration of fluoride exposure. Enamel mineralization is highly sensitive to free fluoride ions, which uniquely promote the hydrolysis of acidic precursors such as octacalcium phosphate and precipitation of fluoridated apatite crystals. Once fluoride is incorporated into enamel crystals, the ion likely affects the subsequent mineralization process by reducing the solubility of the mineral and thereby modulating the ionic composition in the fluid surrounding the mineral. In the light of evidence obtained in human and animal studies, it is now most likely that enamel hypomineralization in fluorotic teeth is due predominantly to the aberrant effects of excess fluoride on the rates at which matrix proteins break down and/or the rates at which the by-products from this degradation are withdrawn from the maturing enamel. Any interference with enamel matrix removal could yield retarding effects on the accompanying crystal growth through the maturation stages, resulting in different magnitudes of enamel porosity at the time of tooth eruption. Currently, there is no direct proof that fluoride at micromolar levels affects proliferation and differentiation of enamel organ cells. Fluoride does not seem to affect the production and secretion of enamel matrix proteins and proteases within the dose range causing dental fluorosis in man. Most likely, the fluoride uptake interferes, indirectly, with the protease activities by decreasing free Ca 2+ concentration in the mineralizing milieu. The Ca 2+ -mediated regulation of protease activities is consistent with the in situobservations that (a) enzymatic cleavages of the amelogenins take place only at slow rates through the secretory phase with the limited calcium transport and that, (b) under normal amelogenesis, the amelogenin degradation appears to be accelerated during the transitional and early maturation stages with the increased calcium transport. Since the predominant cariostatic effect of fluoride is not due to its uptake by the enamel during tooth development, it is possible to obtain extensive caries reduction without a concomitant risk of dental fluorosis. Further efforts and research are needed to settle the currently uncertain ...

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Fluoride, calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the rat: Comparison of ‘natural ingredient’ with semipurified diets

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Influence of Genetic Background on Fluoride Metabolism in Mice

Influence of Genetic Background on Fluoride Metabolism in Mice

Proteomics of Secretory-Stage and Maturation-Stage Enamel of Genetically Distinct Mice

Dental Fluorosis: Chemistry and Biology

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